Autonomous vehicle laws

States have begun developing legal frameworks for self-driving vehicles, but widespread deployment is still a long way off. Read more on our advanced driver assistance page.

This material has been prepared for general information purposes only. It is not guaranteed to be current and should be independently verified. Do not rely on it when considering how a law may apply to your circumstances.

March 2024

Does the driving automation law/provision...
State What type of driving automation on public roads does the law/provision permit? Require an operator to be licensed? Require an operator to be in the vehicle? Require liability insurance?
Alabama deployment — commercial motor vehicles only not addressed no yes; $2,000,000
Arizona deployment depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 1 depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 2 yes
Arkansas deployment — commercial purposes only yes depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 3 yesFootnote 4
California deployment depends on vehicleFootnote 5 no yes; $5,000,000
Colorado deployment no not addressed no
Connecticut testing yes yes yes; $5,000,000
District of Columbia testing yesFootnote 6 no yes; $5,000,000
Florida deployment depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 7 depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 2 yes
Georgia deployment depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 7 depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 2 yesFootnote 8
Hawaii testing not addressed yes not addressed
Illinois testing yes yes yes
Iowa deployment yes depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 2 yes
Kansas deployment depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 1 noFootnote 9 yes
Louisiana deployment — commercial motor vehicles only depends on vehicleFootnote 10 no yes; $2,000,000
Maine testing not addressed no yes; $5,000,000
Massachusetts testing yes yes yesFootnote 11
Michigan depends on vehicleFootnote 12 yes no yes
Mississippi deployment not addressedFootnote 13 no yesFootnote 14
Nebraska deployment depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 1 depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 2 yes
Nevada deployment depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 7 depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 2 yesFootnote 15
New Hampshire deployment depends on vehicleFootnote 16 depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 2 yesFootnote 17
New Mexico testing depends on vehicleFootnote 18 depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 2 yes; $5,000,000
New York testing yes yes yes; $5,000,000
North Carolina deployment depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 7 no yes
North Dakota deployment depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 7 depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 2 yes
Ohio testing yes no yes
Oklahoma deployment not addressedFootnote 13 no yes; $1,000,000
Pennsylvania deployment yes no yes; $1,000,000
South Dakota deployment (effective 07/01/24) yes (effective 07/01/24) no (effective 07/01/24) yes (effective 07/01/24)
Tennessee deployment no no yes; $5,000,000
Texas deployment no no yes
Utah deployment depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 7 no yes
Vermont testing yes yes yes; $5,000,000
Virginia testing not addressed not addressed no
Washington testing depends on whether operator present in vehicle no yes; $5,000,000
West Virginia deployment depends on level of vehicle automationFootnote 7 no yesFootnote 19