Small overlap front
The small overlap front evaluation consists of a driver-side and a passenger-side component. If the results of the two evaluations differ, then the combined small overlap rating is equal to the lower rating.
Driver-side
- Rating applies to 2019-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Volvo XC40 T5 Momentum 4-door 4wd
The Volvo XC40 was introduced in the 2019 model year.
Overall driver-side evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Chest | |
Hip/thigh | |
Lower leg/foot | |
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
![](/api/ratings/images/4893.jpg?w=480)
Action shot taken during the driver-side small overlap frontal crash test.
![](/api/ratings/images/4894.jpg?w=480)
The dummy's position in relation to the door frame, steering wheel, and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained very well.
![](/api/ratings/images/4904.jpg?w=480)
The frontal and side curtain airbags worked well together to keep the head from coming close to any stiff structure or outside objects that could cause injury.
![](/api/ratings/images/4895.jpg?w=480)
The driver's space was maintained well, and risk of injuries to the dummy's legs and feet was low.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
Test ID | CEN1810 |
---|---|
Lower occupant compartment | |
Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 4 |
Footrest (cm) | 2 |
Left toepan (cm) | 1 |
Brake pedal (cm) | 4 |
Parking brake (cm) | |
Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 1 |
Upper occupant compartment | |
Steering column | 0 |
Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 3 |
Upper dash (cm) | 3 |
Lower instrument panel (cm) | 2 |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | CEN1810 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 100 |
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 1.0 |
Extension bending moment (Nm) | 16 |
Maximum Nij | 0.23 |
Chest maximum compression (mm) | 16 |
Femur (kN) | |
Left | 0.9 |
Right | 0.7 |
Knee displacement (mm) | |
Left | 0 |
Right | 1 |
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
Left | 0 |
Right | 0 |
Maximum tibia index | |
Left | 0.60 |
Right | 0.43 |
Tibia axial force (kN) | |
Left | 2.6 |
Right | 1.4 |
Foot acceleration (g) | |
Left | 55 |
Right | 43 |
Passenger-side
- Rating applies to 2019-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Volvo XC40 T5 4-door 4wd
The Volvo XC40 was introduced in the 2019 model. Passenger-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Volvo as part of front crash test verification.
Overall passenger-side evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Passenger injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Chest | |
Hip/thigh | |
Lower leg/foot | |
Passenger restraints and dummy kinematics | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Chest | |
Hip/thigh | |
Lower leg/foot | |
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on passenger side
Test ID | VTP1901 |
---|---|
Lower occupant compartment | |
Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 16 |
Footrest (cm) | 9 |
Right toepan (cm) | 4 |
Center toepan (cm) | 3 |
Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 8 |
Upper occupant compartment | |
Center dash (cm) | 3 |
Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 7 |
Upper dash (cm) | 4 |
Right lower dash (cm) | 4 |
Passenger injury measures
Test ID | VTP1901 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 136 |
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 0.7 |
Extension bending moment (Nm) | 9 |
Maximum Nij | 0.15 |
Chest maximum compression (mm) | 24 |
Femur (kN) | |
Left | 2.0 |
Right | 6.6 |
Knee displacement (mm) | |
Left | 0 |
Right | 1 |
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
Left | 0 |
Right | 6 |
Maximum tibia index | |
Left | 0.33 |
Right | 0.52 |
Tibia axial force (kN) | |
Left | 1.0 |
Right | 1.4 |
Foot acceleration (g) | |
Left | 27 |
Right | 43 |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | VTP1901 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 98 |
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 1.1 |
Extension bending moment (Nm) | 5 |
Maximum Nij | 0.20 |
Chest maximum compression (mm) | 27 |
Femur (kN) | |
Left | 0.4 |
Right | 0.2 |
Knee displacement (mm) | |
Left | 1 |
Right | 1 |
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
Left | 0 |
Right | 0 |
Maximum tibia index | |
Left | 0.33 |
Right | 0.19 |
Tibia axial force (kN) | |
Left | 0.4 |
Right | 0.3 |
Foot acceleration (g) | |
Left | 30 |
Right | 51 |
Moderate overlap front: updated test
Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2021 Volvo XC40 T5 Momentum 4-door 4wd
The Volvo XC40 was introduced in the 2019 model year.
Overall evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Chest | |
Thigh/hip | |
Leg/foot | |
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics | |
Rear passenger injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Chest | |
Thigh | |
Rear passenger restraints and dummy kinematics |
![](/api/ratings/images/6000.jpg?w=480)
View of the vehicle after the crash showing the airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.
![](/api/ratings/images/6001.jpg?w=480)
The rear passenger dummy's head remained a safe distance from the front seatback.
![](/api/ratings/images/6002.jpg?w=480)
Rear passenger dummy injury values indicate a low risk of injury to the head or neck and chest. During the crash, the shoulder belt remained in an ideal position on the dummy’s chest.
![](/api/ratings/images/6003.jpg?w=480)
The rear passenger dummy's lap belt remained in the ideal position on the pelvis.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
Test ID | CEF2108 |
---|---|
Footwell intrusion | |
Footrest (cm) | 4 |
Left (cm) | 6 |
Center (cm) | 3 |
Right (cm) | 2 |
Brake pedal (cm) | 4 |
Instrument panel rearward movement | |
Left (cm) | 0 |
Right (cm) | 0 |
Steering column movement | |
Upward (cm) | 1 |
Rearward (cm) | -2 |
A-pillar rearward movement (cm) | 0 |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | CEF2108 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 244 |
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 1.2 |
Extension bending moment (Nm) | 14 |
Maximum Nij | 0.25 |
Chest maximum compression (mm) | 26 |
Femur (kN) | |
Left | 0.5 |
Right | 0.4 |
Knee displacement (mm) | |
Left | 0 |
Right | 0 |
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
Left | 0 |
Right | 0 |
Maximum tibia index | |
Left | 0.16 |
Right | 0.22 |
Tibia axial force (kN) | |
Left | 1.8 |
Right | 1.8 |
Foot acceleration (g) | |
Left | 44 |
Right | 63 |
Rear passenger injury measures
Test ID | CEF2108 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 for head contact during forward excursion |
no contact
|
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 1.8 |
Compression (kN) | 0.4 |
Maximum Nij for head contact during forward excursion |
no contact
|
Chest | |
Chest index | 34 |
Shoulder belt tension (kN) | 5.5 |
Thigh (kN) | |
Left femur compression | 0.3 |
Right femur compression | 0.4 |
Side: original test
Rating applies to 2019-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Volvo XC40 T5 Momentum 4-door 4wd
The Volvo XC40 was introduced in the 2019 model year. Side ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Volvo as part of side crash test verification.
Overall evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Torso | |
Pelvis/leg | |
Driver head protection | |
Rear passenger injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Torso | |
Pelvis/leg | |
Rear passenger head protection |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
Test ID | VTS1902 |
---|---|
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -20.5 |
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | VTS1902 |
---|---|
Head HIC-15 | 97 |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 1.2 |
Compression (kN) | 0.4 |
Shoulder | |
Lateral deflection (mm) | 38 |
Lateral force (kN) | 1.4 |
Torso | |
Maximum deflection (mm) | 37 |
Average deflection (mm) | 34 |
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 4.83 |
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.85 |
Pelvis | |
Iliac force (kN) | 1.0 |
Acetabulum force (kN) | 1.7 |
Combined force (kN) | 2.7 |
Left femur | |
L-M force (kN) | 0.8 |
L-M moment (Nm) | 12 |
A-P moment (Nm) | 87 |
Passenger injury measures
Test ID | VTS1902 |
---|---|
Head HIC-15 | 159 |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 0.6 |
Compression (kN) | -0.2 |
Shoulder | |
Lateral deflection (mm) | 10 |
Lateral force (kN) | 0.5 |
Torso | |
Maximum deflection (mm) | 28 |
Average deflection (mm) | 22 |
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 2.73 |
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.40 |
Pelvis | |
Iliac force (kN) | 0.4 |
Acetabulum force (kN) | 1.8 |
Combined force (kN) | 1.9 |
Left femur | |
L-M force (kN) | 0.4 |
L-M moment (Nm) | 97 |
A-P moment (Nm) | -23 |
Side: updated test
Rating applies to 2019-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2021 Volvo XC40 T5 Momentum 4-door 4wd
The Volvo XC40 was introduced in the 2019 model year.
Overall evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Torso | |
Pelvis | |
Driver head protection | |
Rear passenger injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Torso | |
Pelvis | |
Rear passenger head protection |
![](/api/ratings/images/5271.jpg?w=480)
View of the vehicle just after the crash test.
![](/api/ratings/images/5274.jpg?w=480)
View of the vehicle after the crash with doors removed, showing the side airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.
![](/api/ratings/images/5272.jpg?w=480)
Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from being hit by hard structures by the side airbags.
![](/api/ratings/images/5273.jpg?w=480)
Smeared greasepaint shows where the rear passenger dummy's head was protected by the side airbag.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
Test ID | CES2006 |
---|---|
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -12.0 |
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | CES2006 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 129 |
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 1.4 |
Compression (kN) | 0.2 |
Shoulder | |
Lateral deflection (mm) | 37 |
Lateral force (kN) | 1.3 |
Torso | |
Maximum deflection (mm) | 42 |
Average deflection (mm) | 37 |
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 4.03 |
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.84 |
Pelvis | |
Combined force (kN) | 5.3 |
Passenger injury measures
Test ID | CES2006 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 387 |
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 1.2 |
Compression (kN) | 0.4 |
Shoulder | |
Lateral deflection (mm) | 28 |
Lateral force (kN) | 1.3 |
Torso | |
Maximum deflection (mm) | 38 |
Average deflection (mm) | 31 |
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 4.59 |
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.65 |
Pelvis | |
Combined force (kN) | 3.1 |
Front crash prevention: pedestrian (day)
Seat belt reminders
Rating applies to 2023-24 models
Overall evaluation | |
---|---|
Front row | |
Unbelted occupant alert (audible & visual) | |
Initiation time | |
Duration | Long enough (90+ seconds) |
Volume | |
Audio frequency | |
Second row | |
Startup status alert (visual) | |
Initiation time | |
Duration at least 60 seconds | |
Belt disengaged alert (audible & visual) | |
Initiation time | |
Duration at least 30 seconds | |
Volume | |
Audio frequency |
Background cabin sound pressure level at 24 km/h | 51 dB |
Audible signal sound pressure level at 24 km/h | 60 dB |
Difference between background and signal | 8.8 dB |
Background cabin sound pressure level at 40 km/h | 55 dB |
Audible signal sound pressure level at 40 km/h | 62 dB |
Difference between background and signal | 6.3 dB |
Dominant audio frequency | 528 Hz |
Child seat anchors
Rating applies to 2019-24 models
Overall evaluation | |
Vehicle trim | T5 Momentum |
Seat type | leather |
This vehicle has 2 rear seating positions with complete child seat attachment (LATCH) hardware.
It has 1 additional seating position with a tether anchor only.
Overall evaluation | |
Vehicle trim | T5 Momentum |
Seat type | leather |
G | Good |
A | Acceptable |
M | Marginal |
P | Poor |
Seating positions that rely on borrowed lower anchors or have only a tether anchor available are not rated. | |
thether anchor symbol | Tether anchor |
lower anchor symbol | Lower anchors |
Lower anchor(s) can be borrowed from adjacent positions(s) | |
No hardware available |
Details by seating position
1 | |
---|---|
Tether anchor | |
easy-to-find location | |
no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
Lower anchors | |
not too deep in seat | |
not too much force needed to attach | |
difficult to maneuver around anchors | |
2 | |
Tether anchor | |
easy-to-find location | |
no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
Lower anchors | |
none available | |
3 | |
Tether anchor | |
easy-to-find location | |
no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
Lower anchors | |
not too deep in seat | |
not too much force needed to attach | |
difficult to maneuver around anchors |
Seat position 21
Lower anchor A | |
---|---|
Open access rated | No |
Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
Force (lbs) | 14 |
Clearance angle (degrees) | 27 |
Lower anchor B | |
Open access rated | No |
Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
Force (lbs) | 4 |
Clearance angle (degrees) | 21 |
Tether anchor | |
Location | Middle seatback |
Confusing hardware present | Yes |
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
Yes |
Seat position 22
Lower anchor A | |
---|---|
No lower latch for this seat position | |
Lower anchor B | |
No lower latch for this seat position | |
Tether anchor | |
Location | Middle seatback |
Confusing hardware present | No |
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
No |
Seat position 23
Lower anchor A | |
---|---|
Open access rated | No |
Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
Force (lbs) | 13 |
Clearance angle (degrees) | 21 |
Lower anchor B | |
Open access rated | No |
Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
Force (lbs) | 6 |
Clearance angle (degrees) | 21 |
Tether anchor | |
Location | Middle seatback |
Confusing hardware present | Yes |
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
Yes |