Small overlap front
The small overlap front evaluation consists of a driver-side and a passenger-side component. If the results of the two evaluations differ, then the combined small overlap rating is equal to the lower rating.
Driver-side
- Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2017 Volvo S90 T6 Inscription 4-door 4wd
The Volvo S90 was introduced in the 2017 model year as a replacement for the Volvo S80. These ratings also apply to two wagons, the Volvo V90 and V90 Cross Country, and the Volvo S90 Recharge, a plug-in hybrid variant of the S90 sedan.
Overall driver-side evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Chest | |
Hip/thigh | |
Lower leg/foot | |
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Action shot taken during the small overlap frontal crash test.
The dummy's position in relation to the door frame, steering wheel, and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained very well.
The frontal and side curtain airbags worked well together to keep the head from coming close to any stiff structure or outside objects that could cause injury.
The driver's space was maintained well, and risk of injuries to the dummy's legs and feet was low.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
Test ID | CEN1633 |
---|---|
Lower occupant compartment | |
Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 2 |
Footrest (cm) | 2 |
Left toepan (cm) | 2 |
Brake pedal (cm) | 4 |
Parking brake (cm) | |
Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 0 |
Upper occupant compartment | |
Steering column | 0 |
Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 1 |
Upper dash (cm) | 1 |
Lower instrument panel (cm) | 1 |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | CEN1633 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 76 |
Peak gs at hard contact | not meas. |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 0.4 |
Extension bending moment (Nm) | 13 |
Maximum Nij | 0.12 |
Chest maximum compression (mm) | 16 |
Femur (kN) | |
Left | 0.9 |
Right | 0.7 |
Knee displacement (mm) | |
Left | 0 |
Right | 1 |
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
Left | 0 |
Right | 0 |
Maximum tibia index | |
Left | 0.52 |
Right | 0.44 |
Tibia axial force (kN) | |
Left | 2.9 |
Right | 0.6 |
Foot acceleration (g) | |
Left | 40 |
Right | 26 |
Passenger-side
- Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2018 Volvo S90 4-door 2wd
The Volvo S90 was introduced in the 2017 model year as a replacement for the Volvo S80. Beginning with the 2018 model year, a longer-wheelbase variant replaced the short-wheelbase version. These ratings also apply to two wagons, the Volvo V90 and V90 Cross Country, and the Volvo S90 Recharge, a plug-in hybrid variant of the S90 sedan. Passenger-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2018 S90 conducted by Volvo as part of frontal crash test verification.
Overall passenger-side evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Passenger injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Chest | |
Hip/thigh | |
Lower leg/foot | |
Passenger restraints and dummy kinematics
The dummy’s head contacted the right side of the frontal airbag but began to move into the gap between the frontal and side curtain airbags, leaving the head vulnerable to contact with forward structure. The inflated side curtain airbag has sufficient forward coverage to protect the head from contact with side structure and outside objects. The side torso airbag also deployed. | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Chest | |
Hip/thigh | |
Lower leg/foot | |
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on passenger side
Test ID | VTP1914 |
---|---|
Lower occupant compartment | |
Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 1 |
Footrest (cm) | 1 |
Right toepan (cm) | 1 |
Center toepan (cm) | 2 |
Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 0 |
Upper occupant compartment | |
Center dash (cm) | 1 |
Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 1 |
Upper dash (cm) | 1 |
Right lower dash (cm) | 1 |
Passenger injury measures
Test ID | VTP1914 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 79 |
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 0.8 |
Extension bending moment (Nm) | 17 |
Maximum Nij | 0.29 |
Chest maximum compression (mm) | 21 |
Femur (kN) | |
Left | 0.3 |
Right | 0.5 |
Knee displacement (mm) | |
Left | 0 |
Right | 1 |
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
Left | 0 |
Right | 0 |
Maximum tibia index | |
Left | 0.40 |
Right | 0.52 |
Tibia axial force (kN) | |
Left | 2.2 |
Right | 2.1 |
Foot acceleration (g) | |
Left | 46 |
Right | 31 |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | VTP1914 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 46 |
Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 0.9 |
Extension bending moment (Nm) | 14 |
Maximum Nij | 0.17 |
Chest maximum compression (mm) | 22 |
Femur (kN) | |
Left | 0.8 |
Right | 1.4 |
Knee displacement (mm) | |
Left | 2 |
Right | 1 |
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
Left | 0 |
Right | 0 |
Maximum tibia index | |
Left | 0.26 |
Right | 0.28 |
Tibia axial force (kN) | |
Left | 0.6 |
Right | 1.5 |
Foot acceleration (g) | |
Left | no data |
Right | no data |
Moderate overlap front: original test
Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2017 Volvo S90 T6 4-door 4wd
The Volvo S90 was introduced in the 2017 model year as a replacement for the Volvo S80. These ratings also apply to two wagons, the Volvo V90 and V90 Cross Country, and the Volvo S90 Recharge, a plug-in hybrid variant of the S90 sedan. Moderate overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Volvo as part of frontal crash test verification.
Overall evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Chest | |
Leg/foot, left | |
Leg/foot, right | |
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
Test ID | VTF1625 |
---|---|
Footwell intrusion | |
Footrest (cm) | 1 |
Left (cm) | 1 |
Center (cm) | 1 |
Right (cm) | 1 |
Brake pedal (cm) | 3 |
Instrument panel rearward movement | |
Left (cm) | 0 |
Right (cm) | 0 |
Steering column movement | |
Upward (cm) | -1 |
Rearward (cm) | -6 |
A-pillar rearward movement (cm) | 0 |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | VTF1625 |
---|---|
Head | |
HIC-15 | 114 |
Peak gs at hard contact | 30 |
Neck | |
Tension (kN) | 1.0 |
Extension bending moment (Nm) | 9 |
Maximum Nij | 0.22 |
Chest maximum compression (mm) | 27 |
Legs | |
Femur force - left (kN) | 1.3 |
Femur force - right (kN) | 0.6 |
Knee displacement - left (mm) | 0 |
Knee displacement - right (mm) | 1 |
Maximum tibia index - left | 0.51 |
Maximum tibia index - right | 0.35 |
Tibia axial force - left (kN) | 3.7 |
Tibia axial force - right (kN) | 1.9 |
Foot acceleration (g) | |
Left | 73 |
Right | 51 |
Side: original test
Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2018 Volvo S90 T5 Momentum 4-door 2wd
The Volvo S90 was introduced in the 2017 model year as a replacement for the Volvo S80. Beginning with the 2018 model year, a longer-wheelbase variant replaced the short-wheelbase version that was tested during the 2017 model year. Two side tests of a 2018 Volvo S90 were conducted, one by the Institute and the other by Volvo as part of side crash test verification. Ratings are based on both tests and apply to two wagons, the Volvo V90 and V90 Cross Country, and the Volvo S90 Recharge, a plug-in hybrid variant of the S90 sedan.
Overall evaluation | |
---|---|
Structure and safety cage | |
Driver injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Torso | |
Pelvis/leg | |
Driver head protection | |
Rear passenger injury measures | |
Head/neck | |
Torso | |
Pelvis/leg | |
Rear passenger head protection |
View of the vehicle and barrier just after the Institute's crash test.
View of the vehicle after the crash with doors removed, showing the side airbags and damage to the occupant compartment (Institute test car shown).
Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from being hit by hard structures by the side curtain airbag in the Institute's test.
Smeared greasepaint shows where the rear passenger dummy’s head was protected by the side airbag.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
Test ID | CES1808 | VTS1805 |
---|---|---|
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -19.0 | -19.5 |
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. |
Driver injury measures
Test ID | CES1808 | VTS1805 |
---|---|---|
Head HIC-15 | 119 | 175 |
Neck | ||
Tension (kN) | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Compression (kN) | 0.5 | 0.3 |
Shoulder | ||
Lateral deflection (mm) | 35 | 35 |
Lateral force (kN) | 1.8 | 1.5 |
Torso | ||
Maximum deflection (mm) | 40 | 41 |
Average deflection (mm) | 37 | 39 |
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 3.81 | 4.05 |
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.82 | 0.78 |
Pelvis | ||
Iliac force (kN) | 1.4 | 1.5 |
Acetabulum force (kN) | 1.3 | 1.5 |
Combined force (kN) | 2.6 | 2.9 |
Left femur | ||
L-M force (kN) | 0.5 | 0.8 |
L-M moment (Nm) | 185 | 182 |
A-P moment (Nm) | 38 | 57 |
Passenger injury measures
Test ID | CES1808 | VTS1805 |
---|---|---|
Head HIC-15 | 144 | 82 |
Neck | ||
Tension (kN) | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Compression (kN) | 1.1 | 0.9 |
Shoulder | ||
Lateral deflection (mm) | 18 | 20 |
Lateral force (kN) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Torso | ||
Maximum deflection (mm) | 15 | 18 |
Average deflection (mm) | 13 | 13 |
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 1.63 | 1.31 |
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.11 | 0.07 |
Pelvis | ||
Iliac force (kN) | 0.1 | 0.5 |
Acetabulum force (kN) | 1.6 | 0.8 |
Combined force (kN) | 1.7 | 1.3 |
Left femur | ||
L-M force (kN) | 0.6 | 0.6 |
L-M moment (Nm) | 99 | 41 |
A-P moment (Nm) | -28 | -29 |
Headlights
Trim level(s)
- All trims
Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
---|---|
High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
Curve-adaptive? | Yes |
High-beam assist? | Yes |
Overall rating | |
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was fair on the left side of the road and inadequate on the right side. On curves, visibility was good on the sharp right curve, fair on the gradual right and sharp left curves, and inadequate on the gradual left curve.
The low beams never exceeded glare limits.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and fair on the left side. On curves, visibility was good in all 4 tests.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and all 4 curves.
Trim level(s) |
|
---|---|
Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
Curve-adaptive? | Yes |
High-beam assist? | Yes |
Overall rating Applies to 2021-24 models |
LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
---|---|---|
Straightaway right edge | 72.4 m | None |
Straightaway left edge | 54.0 m | None |
250m radius right curve, right edge | 64.0 m | None |
250m radius left curve, right edge | 54.3 m | None |
150m radius right curve, right edge | 56.1 m | None |
150m radius left curve, right edge | 53.0 m | None |
HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
---|---|
Straightaway right edge | 144.7 m |
Straightaway left edge | 141.2 m |
250m radius right curve, right edge | 85.0 m |
250m radius left curve, left edge | 86.9 m |
150m radius right curve, right edge | 72.2 m |
150m radius left curve, left edge | 71.5 m |
Front crash prevention: pedestrian (day)
Child seat anchors
Rating applies to 2021-24 models
Overall evaluation | |
Vehicle trim | T6 Inscription |
Seat type | leather |
This vehicle has 2 rear seating positions with complete child seat attachment (LATCH) hardware.
It has 1 additional seating position with a tether anchor only.
Overall evaluation | |
Vehicle trim | T6 Inscription |
Seat type | leather |
G | Good |
A | Acceptable |
M | Marginal |
P | Poor |
Seating positions that rely on borrowed lower anchors or have only a tether anchor available are not rated. | |
thether anchor symbol | Tether anchor |
lower anchor symbol | Lower anchors |
Lower anchor(s) can be borrowed from adjacent positions(s) | |
No hardware available |
Details by seating position
1 | |
---|---|
Tether anchor | |
easy-to-find location | |
no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
Lower anchors | |
not too deep in seat | |
not too much force needed to attach | |
difficult to maneuver around anchors | |
2 | |
Tether anchor | |
easy-to-find location | |
no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
Lower anchors | |
none available | |
3 | |
Tether anchor | |
easy-to-find location | |
no other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
Lower anchors | |
not too deep in seat | |
not too much force needed to attach | |
difficult to maneuver around anchors |
Seat position 21
Lower anchor A | |
---|---|
Open access rated | Yes |
Depth | Visible |
Force (lbs) | 0 |
Clearance angle (degrees) | 46 |
Lower anchor B | |
Open access rated | Yes |
Depth | Visible |
Force (lbs) | 0 |
Clearance angle (degrees) | 46 |
Tether anchor | |
Location | Rear deck |
Confusing hardware present | No |
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
Yes |
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |
Seat position 22
Lower anchor A | |
---|---|
No lower latch for this seat position | |
Lower anchor B | |
No lower latch for this seat position | |
Tether anchor | |
Location | Rear deck |
Confusing hardware present | No |
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
Yes |
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |
Seat position 23
Lower anchor A | |
---|---|
Open access rated | Yes |
Depth | Visible |
Force (lbs) | 0 |
Clearance angle (degrees) | 49 |
Lower anchor B | |
Open access rated | Yes |
Depth | Visible |
Force (lbs) | 0 |
Clearance angle (degrees) | 47 |
Tether anchor | |
Location | Rear deck |
Confusing hardware present | No |
Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
Yes |
Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |