Small overlap front
The small overlap front evaluation consists of a driver-side and a passenger-side component. If the results of the two evaluations differ, then the combined small overlap rating is equal to the lower rating.
Driver-side
Tested vehicle: 2021 Toyota RAV4 Prime SE 4-door 4wd
Rating applies to 2025-26 models
The Toyota RAV4 Prime, a plug-in hybrid variant of the Toyota RAV4, was introduced in the 2021 model year. Beginning with 2025 models, the RAV4 Prime became known as the RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid. Driver-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2021 RAV4 Prime conducted by Toyota.
| Evaluation criteria | Rating |
|---|---|
| Overall driver-side evaluation | |
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics | |
Technical measurements for this test
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Evaluation criteria | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Test ID | VTN2008 |
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 5 |
| Footrest (cm) | 3 |
| Left toepan (cm) | 3 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 2 |
| Parking brake (cm) | |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 1 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Steering column | 2 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 4 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 4 |
| Lower instrument panel (cm) | 6 |
Driver injury measures
| Evaluation criteria | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Test ID | VTN2008 |
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 110 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.2 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 9 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.25 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 21 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 1.3 |
| Right | 0.9 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 2 |
| Right | 1 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.53 |
| Right | 0.48 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 2.2 |
| Right | 2.5 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 41 |
| Right | 46 |
Passenger-side
Tested vehicle: 2021 Toyota Rav4 Prime SE 4-door 4wd
Rating applies to 2025-26 models
The Toyota RAV4 Prime, a plug-in hybrid variant of the Toyota RAV4, was introduced in the 2021 model year. Beginning with 2025 models, the RAV4 Prime became known as the RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid. Passenger-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2021 RAV4 Prime conducted by Toyota.
| Evaluation criteria | Rating |
|---|---|
| Overall passenger-side evaluation | |
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
|
Passenger restraints and dummy kinematics
The dummy’s head contacted the right side of the frontal airbag but began to slide into the gap between the frontal and side curtain airbags, contacting the dislodged A-pillar trim. The inflated side curtain airbag has sufficient forward coverage to protect the head from contact with side structure and outside objects. | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics | |
Technical measurements for this test
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on passenger side
| Evaluation criteria | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Test ID | VTP2008 |
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 7 |
| Footrest (cm) | 4 |
| Right toepan (cm) | 4 |
| Center toepan (cm) | 3 |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 1 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Center dash (cm) | 2 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 7 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 5 |
| Right lower dash (cm) | 5 |
Passenger injury measures
| Evaluation criteria | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Test ID | VTP2008 |
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 86 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.9 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 23 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.29 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 19 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 1.8 |
| Right | 2.6 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 5 |
| Right | 2 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.43 |
| Right | 0.41 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 1.5 |
| Right | 0.7 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 92 |
| Right | 65 |
Driver injury measures
| Evaluation criteria | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Test ID | VTP2008 |
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 53 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.9 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 9 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.18 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 25 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 0.9 |
| Right | 0.5 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 2 |
| Right | 2 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.34 |
| Right | 0.27 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 1.0 |
| Right | 1.1 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 46 |
| Right | 64 |
Side: updated test
Tested vehicle: 2021 Toyota RAV4 LE 4-door 4wd
Rating applies to 2025-26 models
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4. These ratings also apply to the Toyota RAV4 Prime, now known as the RAV4 Plug-in Hybrid beginning with 2025 models.
| Evaluation criteria | Rating |
|---|---|
| Overall evaluation | |
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis | |
| Driver head protection | |
| Rear passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis | |
|
Rear passenger head protection
Part of the dummy's head moved beyond the rear portion of the side curtain airbag and contacted the C-pillar hard. The head protection is inadequate. | |
Technical measurements for this test
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Evaluation criteria | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Test ID | CES2008 |
| B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -23.0 |
| Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. | |
Driver injury measures
| Evaluation criteria | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Test ID | CES2008 |
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 120 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.6 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.3 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 12 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 0.8 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 34 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 21 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 3.13 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.38 |
| Pelvis | |
| Combined force (kN) | 4.9 |
Passenger injury measures
| Evaluation criteria | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Test ID | CES2008 |
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 542 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | 104 |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.4 |
| Compression (kN) | 1.0 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 24 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.3 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 21 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 17 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 3.64 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.22 |
| Pelvis | |
| Combined force (kN) | 3.1 |