2023 Subaru Legacy

midsize car / 4-door sedan

2023 Subaru Legacy 4-door sedan

Crashworthiness

Rating overview
Small overlap front: driver-side
Small overlap front: passenger-side
Moderate overlap front: original test
Moderate overlap front: updated test
Side: original test
Side: updated test
Roof strength
Head restraints & seats

Crash avoidance & mitigation

Headlights
Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle
Standard system
Superior
Front crash prevention: pedestrian (day)
Standard system
Superior
Front crash prevention: pedestrian (night)
Standard system
Superior

Seat belts & child restraints

Seat belt reminders
LATCH ease of use
+

Other available safety features

  • Standard daytime running lights
  • Optional blind spot detection
  • Standard lane departure warning
  • Standard lane departure prevention

Key

  • G
    Good
  • A
    Acceptable
  • M
    Marginal
  • P
    Poor
  • Superior
  • Advanced
  • Basic

Some ratings use a scale of Poor to Good. Others range from Basic to Superior.

Small overlap front: driver-side

Rating applies to 2020-24 models

Tested vehicle: 2020 Subaru Legacy 2.5i Premium 4-door 4wd

The Subaru Legacy was redesigned for the 2020 model year. Driver-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Subaru as part of frontal crash test verification.

The driver-side small overlap frontal crash test ratings also apply to the station wagon version of the Legacy, known as the Outback, also redesigned for 2020.

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics
Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side

Test ID VTN1914
Lower occupant compartment
Lower hinge pillar max (cm) 2
Footrest (cm) 3
Left toepan (cm) 2
Brake pedal (cm) 3
Parking brake (cm) 0
Rocker panel lateral average (cm) 0
Upper occupant compartment
Steering column 0
Upper hinge pillar max (cm) 1
Upper dash (cm) 1
Lower instrument panel (cm) 1

Driver injury measures

Test ID VTN1914
Head
HIC-15 131
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.2
Extension bending moment (Nm) 11
Maximum Nij 0.21
Chest maximum compression (mm) 25
Femur (kN)
Left 0.4
Right 0.7
Knee displacement (mm)
Left 0
Right 1
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left 0
Right 0
Maximum tibia index
Left 0.59
Right 0.48
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left 2.5
Right 2.5
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 58
Right 119

How the driver-side small overlap front test is conducted

Small overlap front: passenger-side

Rating applies to 2020-24 models

Tested vehicle: 2020 Subaru Legacy 2.5i Premium 4-door 4wd

The Subaru Legacy was redesigned for the 2020 model year. Passenger-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Subaru as part of frontal crash test verification.

The passenger-side small overlap frontal crash test ratings also apply to the station wagon version of the Legacy, known as the Outback, also redesigned for 2020.

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Passenger restraints and dummy kinematics
The dummy’s head contacted the right side of the frontal airbag but began to move into the gap between the frontal and side curtain airbags, leaving the head vulnerable to contact with forward structure. The inflated side curtain airbag has sufficient forward coverage to protect the head from contact with side structure and outside objects.
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics
Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on passenger side

Test ID VTP1929
Lower occupant compartment
Lower hinge pillar max (cm) 1
Footrest (cm) 3
Right toepan (cm) 2
Center toepan (cm) 1
Rocker panel lateral average (cm) 1
Upper occupant compartment
Center dash (cm) 1
Upper hinge pillar max (cm) 1
Upper dash (cm) 3
Right lower dash (cm) 2

Passenger injury measures

Test ID VTP1929
Head
HIC-15 76
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 0.8
Extension bending moment (Nm) 19
Maximum Nij 0.19
Chest maximum compression (mm) 20
Femur (kN)
Left 0.6
Right 0.2
Knee displacement (mm)
Left 1
Right 1
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left 0
Right 0
Maximum tibia index
Left 0.33
Right 0.40
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left 1.6
Right 1.2
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 29
Right 48

Driver injury measures

Test ID VTP1929
Head
HIC-15 73
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 0.9
Extension bending moment (Nm) 17
Maximum Nij 0.21
Chest maximum compression (mm) 25
Femur (kN)
Left 0.3
Right 0.3
Knee displacement (mm)
Left 1
Right 1
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left 0
Right 0
Maximum tibia index
Left 0.36
Right 0.38
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left 1.0
Right 1.0
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 25
Right 44

How the passenger-side small overlap front test is conducted

Moderate overlap front: original test

Rating applies to 2020-24 models

Tested vehicle: 2020 Subaru Legacy 2.5i Premium 4-door 4wd

The Subaru Legacy was redesigned for the 2020 model year. Moderate overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Subaru as part of frontal crash test verification.

The moderate overlap frontal crash test ratings also apply to the station wagon version of the Legacy, known as the Outback, also redesigned for 2020.

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Leg/foot, left
Leg/foot, right
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics
Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side

Test ID VTF1922
Footwell intrusion
Footrest (cm) 3
Left (cm) 6
Center (cm) 7
Right (cm) 6
Brake pedal (cm) 1
Instrument panel rearward movement
Left (cm) 0
Right (cm) 1
Steering column movement
Upward (cm) -1
Rearward (cm) 0
A-pillar rearward movement (cm) 2

Driver injury measures

Test ID VTF1922
Head
HIC-15 228
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.4
Extension bending moment (Nm) 9
Maximum Nij 0.25
Chest maximum compression (mm) 33
Legs
Femur force - left (kN) 0.3
Femur force - right (kN) 1.0
Knee displacement - left (mm) 0
Knee displacement - right (mm) 1
Maximum tibia index - left 0.44
Maximum tibia index - right 0.75
Tibia axial force - left (kN) 2.4
Tibia axial force - right (kN) 2.8
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 54
Right 51

How the moderate overlap front test is conducted

Moderate overlap front: updated test

Rating applies to 2023-24 models

Tested vehicle: 2023 Subaru Legacy 4-door 4wd

The Subaru Legacy was redesigned for the 2020 model year. These ratings do not apply to the Subaru Outback.

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Thigh/hip
Leg/foot
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics
Rear passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Thigh
Rear passenger restraints and dummy kinematics

View of the vehicle after the crash showing the airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.

The rear passenger dummy's head remained a safe distance from the front seatback.

Rear passenger dummy injury values indicate a low risk of injury to the head or neck and a moderate risk of injury to the chest. During the crash, the shoulder belt moved too far upward toward the dummy’s neck, compromising the effectiveness of the rear restraint system.

The rear passenger dummy's lap belt moved from the ideal position on the pelvis onto the abdomen, increasing the risk of abdominal injuries.

Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side

Test ID CEF2335
Footwell intrusion
Footrest (cm) 5
Left (cm) 8
Center (cm) 9
Right (cm) 8
Brake pedal (cm) 4
Instrument panel rearward movement
Left (cm) 0
Right (cm) 1
Steering column movement
Upward (cm) -1
Rearward (cm) -1
A-pillar rearward movement (cm) 0

Driver injury measures

Test ID CEF2335
Head
HIC-15 186
Peak gs at hard contact negligible
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.3
Extension bending moment (Nm) 18
Maximum Nij 0.23
Chest maximum compression (mm) 31
Femur (kN)
Left 0.4
Right 0.8
Knee displacement (mm)
Left 1
Right 0
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left 0
Right 0
Maximum tibia index
Left 0.37
Right 0.56
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left 2.0
Right 2.4
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 61
Right 44

Rear passenger injury measures

Test ID CEF2335
Head
HIC-15 for head contact during forward excursion
no contact
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.8
Compression (kN) 0.3
Maximum Nij for head contact during forward excursion
no contact
Chest
Chest index 36
Shoulder belt tension (kN) 4.0
Thigh (kN)
Left femur compression 0.8
Right femur compression 0.4

How the updated moderate overlap front test is conducted

February 2024 adjustment to rating criteria

Side: original test

Rating applies to 2020-24 models

Tested vehicle: 2020 Subaru Legacy 2.5i Premium 4-door 4wd

The Subaru Legacy was redesigned for the 2020 model year. Side ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Subaru as part of side crash test verification.

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis/leg
Driver head protection
Rear passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis/leg
Rear passenger head protection
Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side

Test ID VTS1923
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) -22.5
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline.

Driver injury measures

Test ID VTS1923
Head HIC-15 147
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.1
Compression (kN) 0.2
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm) 30
Lateral force (kN) 1.3
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm) 32
Average deflection (mm) 30
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) 3.80
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) 0.59
Pelvis
Iliac force (kN) 0.7
Acetabulum force (kN) 2.0
Combined force (kN) 2.5
Left femur
L-M force (kN) 1.0
L-M moment (Nm) 94
A-P moment (Nm) 24

Passenger injury measures

Test ID VTS1923
Head HIC-15 137
Neck
Tension (kN) 0.5
Compression (kN) 0.2
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm) 26
Lateral force (kN) 1.3
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm) 20
Average deflection (mm) 16
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) 1.82
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) 0.16
Pelvis
Iliac force (kN) 0.7
Acetabulum force (kN) 1.6
Combined force (kN) 2.2
Left femur
L-M force (kN) 1.0
L-M moment (Nm) 143
A-P moment (Nm) 41

How the side crash test is conducted

Side: updated test

Rating applies to 2023-24 models

Tested vehicle: 2023 Subaru Legacy 2.5i Preminum 4-door 4wd

The Subaru Legacy was redesigned for the 2020 model year. Side 2.0 ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2023 Legacy conducted by Subaru as part of side crash test verification.

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis
Driver head protection
Rear passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis
Rear passenger head protection
Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side

Test ID VTS2304
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) -16.5
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline.

Driver injury measures

Test ID VTS2304
Head
HIC-15 71
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 0.3
Compression (kN) 1.0
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm) 29
Lateral force (kN) 1.7
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm) 36
Average deflection (mm) 33
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) 4.32
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) 0.69
Pelvis
Combined force (kN) 4.6

Passenger injury measures

Test ID VTS2304
Head
HIC-15 269
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 0.3
Compression (kN) 0.8
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm) 34
Lateral force (kN) 1.8
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm) 30
Average deflection (mm) 27
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) 3.11
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) 0.37
Pelvis
Combined force (kN) 5.5

How the side crash test is conducted

Roof strength

Rating applies to 2020-23 models

Tested vehicle: 2020 Subaru Outback Premium wagon 4wd

Rating applies to both the Subaru Outback (tested) and the structurally similar Subaru Legacy.

Overall evaluation
Curb weight 3,618 lbs
Peak force 17,295 lbs
Strength-to-weight ratio 4.78

How the roof strength test is conducted

Head restraints & seats

Seat type: Power cloth seat

Overall evaluation
Dynamic rating
Seat/head restraint geometry
Technical measurements for this test
Seat type Power cloth seat
Geometry
Backset (mm) 39
Distance below top of head (mm) 3
Seat design parameters
Pass/fail Pass
Max T1 acceleration (g) 9.6
Head contact time (ms) 66
Force rating 1
Neck forces
Max neck shear force (N) 0
Max neck tension (N) 435

How the head restraint & seat test is conducted
Currently, IIHS tests apply only to front seats.

Headlights

Trim level(s)

  • All trims
Low-beam headlight type LED projector
High-beam headlight type LED projector
Curve-adaptive? Yes
High-beam assist? Yes
Overall rating
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination:
car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler 0 ft 100 ft 200 ft 300 ft 400 ft 500 ft 600 ft Low beams Optimal low-beam illumination High beams Optimal high-beam illumination High-beam assist credit

Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was good on both right curves and fair on both left curves.

The low beams never exceeded glare limits.

High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was fair on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was good in all 4 tests.

High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on both left curves.

Technical measurements for this test
Trim level(s)
  • All trims
Low-beam headlight type LED projector
High-beam headlight type LED projector
Curve-adaptive? Yes
High-beam assist? Yes
Overall rating
Applies to 2023-24 models
LOW BEAMS Average minimum useful
illumination distance (5 lux)
Amount glare
exceeded threshold
Straightaway right edge 115.0 m None
Straightaway left edge 61.8 m None
250m radius right curve, right edge 90.3 m None
250m radius left curve, left edge 57.1 m None
150m radius right curve, right edge 73.2 m None
150m radius left curve, left edge 49.8 m None
HIGH BEAMS Average minimum useful
illumination distance (5 lux)
Straightaway right edge 136.4 m
Straightaway left edge 130.0 m
250m radius right curve, right edge 92.5 m
250m radius left curve, left edge 78.4 m
150m radius right curve, right edge 76.2 m
150m radius left curve, left edge 65.2 m

How headlights are evaluated

Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle

System details

  • Standard EyeSight

Overall evaluation

Applies to 2023 models

Superior
Superior
  • This system meets the requirements for forward collision warning.
  • In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
  • In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.

How front crash prevention is evaluated

Front crash prevention: pedestrian (day)

System details

  • standard EyeSight

Overall evaluation

This rating applies to all 2023-24 models

Superior
Superior

Crossing child

  • In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
  • In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.

Crossing adult

  • In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
  • In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.

Parallel adult

  • In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
  • In the 37 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision. A warning was issued 2.6 seconds before impact.

Front crash prevention: pedestrian (night)

Night

System details

  • standard EyeSight

Overall evaluation

Includes high-beam assist credit

This rating applies to all 2023-24 models
Superior
Superior

Crossing adult

  • In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision when using its high beams. When using its low beams, this vehicle avoided a collision.
  • In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision when using its high beams. When using its low beams, this vehicle avoided a collision.

Parallel adult

  • In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision when using its high beams. When using its low beams, this vehicle failed to slow.
  • In the 37 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision when using its high beams and a warning was issued 3.4 seconds before impact. When using its low beams, this vehicle failed to slow and a warning was issued 0 seconds before impact.

How front crash prevention is evaluated

Seat belt reminders

Rating applies to 2022-24 models

Overall evaluation
Front row
Unbelted occupant alert (audible & visual)
Initiation time
Duration Long enough (90+ seconds)
Volume
Audio frequency
Second row
Startup status alert (visual)
Initiation time
Duration at least 60 seconds
Belt disengaged alert (audible & visual)
Initiation time
Duration at least 30 seconds
Volume
Audio frequency
Technical measurements for this test
Background cabin sound pressure level at 24 km/h 50 dB
Audible signal sound pressure level at 24 km/h 74 dB
Difference between background and signal 23.2 dB
Background cabin sound pressure level at 40 km/h 54 dB
Audible signal sound pressure level at 40 km/h 73 dB
Difference between background and signal 18.7 dB
Dominant audio frequency 584 Hz

How seat belt reminders are evaluated

Child seat anchors

Rating applies to 2020-24 models

Overall evaluation
+
extra LATCH positions
Vehicle trim Limited
Seat type leather

This vehicle has 2 rear seating positions with complete child seat attachment (LATCH) hardware.

It has 1 additional seating position with a tether anchor, a single lower anchor and the ability to borrow the second anchor from another position.

Note: When anchors are borrowed, they aren't available to use in their designated positions.

Overall evaluation
+
extra LATCH positions
Vehicle trim Limited
Seat type leather
1 2 3
G Good
A Acceptable
M Marginal
P Poor
Seating positions that rely on borrowed lower anchors or have only a tether anchor available are not rated.
thether anchor symbol
Tether anchor
lower anchor symbol
Lower anchors
shared lower achors symbol
Lower anchor(s) can be borrowed from adjacent positions(s)
No hardware available

Details by seating position

1
Tether anchor
easy-to-find location
no other hardware could be confused for anchor
Lower anchors
not too deep in seat
not too much force needed to attach
easy to maneuver around anchors
2
Tether anchor
easy-to-find location
no other hardware could be confused for anchor
Lower anchors
1 dedicated anchor and 1 that can be borrowed from seat 1
not too deep in seat
not too much force needed to attach
easy to maneuver around anchors
3
Tether anchor
easy-to-find location
no other hardware could be confused for anchor
Lower anchors
not too deep in seat
not too much force needed to attach
easy to maneuver around anchors
Technical measurements for this test

Seat position 21

3

Lower anchor A
Open access rated Yes
Depth Visible
Force (lbs) 0
Clearance angle (degrees) 99
Lower anchor B
Open access rated Yes
Depth Visible
Force (lbs) 0
Clearance angle (degrees) 100
Tether anchor
Location Rear deck
Confusing hardware present No
Has contrasting label
within 3 inches of tether anchor
Yes

Seat position 22

2

Lower anchor A
Open access rated Yes
Depth Visible
Force (lbs) 0
Clearance angle (degrees) 84
Lower anchor B
Lower latch is shared for this seat position
Tether anchor
Location Rear deck
Confusing hardware present No
Has contrasting label
within 3 inches of tether anchor
Yes

Seat position 23

1

Lower anchor A
Open access rated Yes
Depth Visible
Force (lbs) 0
Clearance angle (degrees) 93
Lower anchor B
Open access rated Yes
Depth Visible
Force (lbs) 0
Clearance angle (degrees) 88
Tether anchor
Location Rear deck
Confusing hardware present No
Has contrasting label
within 3 inches of tether anchor
Yes

How child seat anchors are evaluated