Top Safety Pick + Top Safety Pick criteria

2021 Mazda CX-9

midsize SUV / 4-door SUV

2021 Mazda CX-9 4-door SUV
2019 Mazda CX-9 shown

Crashworthiness

Rating overview
Small overlap front: driver-side
Small overlap front: passenger-side
Moderate overlap front: original test
Moderate overlap front: updated test
Side: original test
Side: updated test
Roof strength
Head restraints & seats

Crash avoidance & mitigation

Headlights
Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle
Standard system
Superior
Front crash prevention: pedestrian (day)
Standard system
Advanced
Front crash prevention: pedestrian (night)
Standard system
Basic

Seat belts & child restraints

Seat belt reminders
LATCH ease of use

Other available safety features

  • Standard daytime running lights
  • Standard blind spot detection
  • Standard lane departure warning
  • Standard lane departure prevention

Key

  • G
    Good
  • A
    Acceptable
  • M
    Marginal
  • P
    Poor
  • Superior
  • Advanced
  • Basic

Some ratings use a scale of Poor to Good. Others range from Basic to Superior.

Small overlap front: driver-side

Rating applies to 2017-23 models built after November 2016

Tested vehicle: 2017 Mazda CX-9 Touring 4-door 4wd

The Mazda CX-9 was redesigned for the 2016 model year. Beginning with 2017 models built after November 2016, the deployment pattern of the side curtain airbags was modified to improve occupant protection in side impact, small overlap frontal, and moderate overlap frontal crashes. (Information about when a specific vehicle was manufactured is on the certification label typically affixed to the car on the driver door or adjacent B-pillar.)

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics

Action shot taken during the driver-side small overlap frontal crash test.

The dummy's position in relation to the door frame, steering wheel, and instrument panel after the crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained very well.

The frontal and side curtain airbags worked well together to keep the head from coming close to any stiff structure or outside objects that could cause injury.

The driver's space was maintained well, and risk of injuries to the dummy's legs and feet was low.

Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side

Test ID CEN1712
Lower occupant compartment
Lower hinge pillar max (cm) 8
Footrest (cm) 3
Left toepan (cm) 4
Brake pedal (cm) 8
Parking brake (cm)
Rocker panel lateral average (cm) 2
Upper occupant compartment
Steering column 0
Upper hinge pillar max (cm) 5
Upper dash (cm) 5
Lower instrument panel (cm) 6

Driver injury measures

Test ID CEN1712
Head
HIC-15 158
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.2
Extension bending moment (Nm) 17
Maximum Nij 0.23
Chest maximum compression (mm) 27
Femur (kN)
Left 1.3
Right 0.2
Knee displacement (mm)
Left 2
Right 1
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left 0
Right 0
Maximum tibia index
Left 0.37
Right 0.44
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left 1.8
Right 0.6
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 51
Right 61

How the driver-side small overlap front test is conducted

Small overlap front: passenger-side

Rating applies to 2017-23 models built after November 2016

Tested vehicle: 2018 Mazda CX-9 Touring 4-door 4wd

The Mazda CX-9 was redesigned for the 2016 model year. Beginning with 2017 models built after November 2016, the deployment pattern of the side curtain airbags was modified to improve occupant protection in side impact, small overlap frontal, and moderate overlap frontal crashes. (Information about when a specific vehicle was manufactured is on the certification label typically affixed to the car on the driver door or adjacent B-pillar.)

Passenger-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Mazda of a CX-9 with the modifications as part of frontal crash test verification.

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Passenger restraints and dummy kinematics
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Hip/thigh
Lower leg/foot
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics
Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on passenger side

Test ID VTP1721
Lower occupant compartment
Lower hinge pillar max (cm) 5
Footrest (cm) 4
Right toepan (cm) 2
Center toepan (cm) 1
Rocker panel lateral average (cm) 2
Upper occupant compartment
Center dash (cm) 3
Upper hinge pillar max (cm) 4
Upper dash (cm) 4
Right lower dash (cm) 4

Passenger injury measures

Test ID VTP1721
Head
HIC-15 152
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.2
Extension bending moment (Nm) 29
Maximum Nij 0.34
Chest maximum compression (mm) 22
Femur (kN)
Left 0.5
Right 0.1
Knee displacement (mm)
Left 0
Right 0
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left 0
Right 0
Maximum tibia index
Left 0.43
Right 0.47
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left 1.9
Right 1.8
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 38
Right 36

Driver injury measures

Test ID VTP1721
Head
HIC-15 53
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.1
Extension bending moment (Nm) 19
Maximum Nij 0.26
Chest maximum compression (mm) 30
Femur (kN)
Left 0.4
Right 0.2
Knee displacement (mm)
Left 1
Right 0
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left 0
Right 0
Maximum tibia index
Left 0.50
Right 0.21
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left 0.4
Right 0.7
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 80
Right 37

How the passenger-side small overlap front test is conducted

Moderate overlap front: original test

Rating applies to 2017-23 models built after November 2016

Tested vehicle: 2017 Mazda CX-9 4-door 4wd

The Mazda CX-9 was redesigned for the 2016 model year. Beginning with 2017 models built after November 2016, the deployment pattern of the side curtain airbags was modified to improve occupant protection in side impact, small overlap frontal, and moderate overlap frontal crashes. (Information about when a specific vehicle was manufactured is on the certification label typically affixed to the car on the driver door or adjacent B-pillar.)

Moderate overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Mazda of a CX-9 with the modifications as part of frontal crash test verification.

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Leg/foot, left
Leg/foot, right
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics
Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side

Test ID VTF1705
Footwell intrusion
Footrest (cm) 1
Left (cm) 1
Center (cm) 1
Right (cm) 4
Brake pedal (cm) 4
Instrument panel rearward movement
Left (cm) 0
Right (cm) 0
Steering column movement
Upward (cm) -2
Rearward (cm) 0
A-pillar rearward movement (cm) 0

Driver injury measures

Test ID VTF1705
Head
HIC-15 111
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.1
Extension bending moment (Nm) 15
Maximum Nij 0.22
Chest maximum compression (mm) 33
Legs
Femur force - left (kN) 0.3
Femur force - right (kN) 0.7
Knee displacement - left (mm) 1
Knee displacement - right (mm) 1
Maximum tibia index - left 0.52
Maximum tibia index - right 0.55
Tibia axial force - left (kN) 1.5
Tibia axial force - right (kN) 1.5
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 52
Right 91

How the moderate overlap front test is conducted

Moderate overlap front: updated test

Rating applies to 2021-23 models

Tested vehicle: 2021 Mazda CX-9 TR 4-door 4wd

The Mazda CX-9 was redesigned for the 2016 model year. Beginning with 2017 models built after November 2016, the deployment pattern of the side curtain airbags was modified to improve occupant protection in side impact, small overlap frontal, and moderate overlap frontal crashes. (Information about when a specific vehicle was manufactured is on the certification label typically affixed to the car on the driver door or adjacent B-pillar.)

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Thigh/hip
Leg/foot
Driver restraints and dummy kinematics
Rear passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Chest
Thigh
Rear passenger restraints and dummy kinematics

View of the vehicle after the crash showing the airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.

The rear passenger dummy's head remained a safe distance from the front seatback.

Rear passenger dummy injury values indicate a moderate risk of injury to the chest and a likely risk of injury to the head or neck. During the crash, the shoulder belt remained in an ideal position on the dummy’s chest.

The rear passenger dummy's lap belt remained in the ideal position on the pelvis.

Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side

Test ID CEF2209
Footwell intrusion
Footrest (cm) 1
Left (cm) 1
Center (cm) 1
Right (cm) 5
Brake pedal (cm) 5
Instrument panel rearward movement
Left (cm) -1
Right (cm) -1
Steering column movement
Upward (cm) 0
Rearward (cm) -2
A-pillar rearward movement (cm) 0

Driver injury measures

Test ID CEF2209
Head
HIC-15 122
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.1
Extension bending moment (Nm) 15
Maximum Nij 0.20
Chest maximum compression (mm) 30
Femur (kN)
Left 0.3
Right 0.2
Knee displacement (mm)
Left 0
Right 1
Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%)
Left 0
Right 0
Maximum tibia index
Left 0.38
Right 0.59
Tibia axial force (kN)
Left 1.6
Right 1.8
Foot acceleration (g)
Left 44
Right 146

Rear passenger injury measures

Test ID CEF2209
Head
HIC-15 for head contact during forward excursion
no contact
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 3.1
Compression (kN) 0.4
Maximum Nij for head contact during forward excursion
no contact
Chest
Chest index 36
Shoulder belt tension (kN) 7.8
Thigh (kN)
Left femur compression 0.2
Right femur compression 0.1

How the updated moderate overlap front test is conducted

February 2024 adjustment to rating criteria

Side: original test

Rating applies to 2017-23 models built after November 2016

Tested vehicle: 2017 Mazda CX-9 Touring 4-door 4wd

The Mazda CX-9 was redesigned for the 2016 model year. Beginning with 2017 models built after November 2016, the deployment pattern of the side curtain airbags was modified to improve occupant protection in side impact, small overlap frontal, and moderate overlap frontal crashes. (Information about when a specific vehicle was manufactured is on the certification label typically affixed to the car on the driver door or adjacent B-pillar.)

Side ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Mazda of a CX-9 with the modifications as part of side crash test verification.

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis/leg
Driver head protection
Rear passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis/leg
Rear passenger head protection
Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side

Test ID VTS1703
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) -22.0
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline.

Driver injury measures

Test ID VTS1703
Head HIC-15 143
Neck
Tension (kN) 0.7
Compression (kN) 0.1
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm) 28
Lateral force (kN) 1.4
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm) 31
Average deflection (mm) 27
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) 2.44
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) 0.29
Pelvis
Iliac force (kN) 0.9
Acetabulum force (kN) 1.2
Combined force (kN) 2.1
Left femur
L-M force (kN) 0.5
L-M moment (Nm) 55
A-P moment (Nm) 84

Passenger injury measures

Test ID VTS1703
Head HIC-15 98
Neck
Tension (kN) 0.1
Compression (kN) 0.4
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm) 31
Lateral force (kN) 1.6
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm) 22
Average deflection (mm) 16
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) 3.02
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) 0.28
Pelvis
Iliac force (kN) 0.2
Acetabulum force (kN) 1.4
Combined force (kN) 1.6
Left femur
L-M force (kN) 0.2
L-M moment (Nm) 18
A-P moment (Nm) 84

How the side crash test is conducted

Side: updated test

Rating applies to 2017-23 models built after November 2016

Tested vehicle: 2021 Mazda CX-9 Touring 4-door 4wd

The Mazda CX-9 was redesigned for the 2016 model year. Beginning with 2017 models built after November 2016, the deployment pattern of the side curtain airbags was modified to improve occupant protection in side impact, small overlap frontal, and moderate overlap frontal crashes. (Information about when a specific vehicle was manufactured is on the certification label typically affixed to the car on the driver door or adjacent B-pillar.)

Overall evaluation
Structure and safety cage
Driver injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis
Driver head protection
Rear passenger injury measures
Head/neck
Torso
Pelvis
Rear passenger head protection

View of the vehicle just after the crash test.

View of the vehicle after the crash with doors removed, showing the side airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.

Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from being hit by hard structures by the side airbags.

Smeared greasepaint shows where the rear passenger dummy’s head was protected by the side airbag.

Technical measurements for this test

Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side

Test ID CES2203
B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) -25.0
Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline.

Driver injury measures

Test ID CES2203
Head
HIC-15 106
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 1.0
Compression (kN) 0.1
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm) 18
Lateral force (kN) 0.9
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm) 29
Average deflection (mm) 24
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) 2.06
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) 0.31
Pelvis
Combined force (kN) 2.9

Passenger injury measures

Test ID CES2203
Head
HIC-15 236
Peak gs at hard contact no contact
Neck
Tension (kN) 0.6
Compression (kN) 0.6
Shoulder
Lateral deflection (mm) 38
Lateral force (kN) 1.9
Torso
Maximum deflection (mm) 27
Average deflection (mm) 22
Maximum deflection rate (m/s) 3.40
Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) 0.27
Pelvis
Combined force (kN) 2.8

How the side crash test is conducted

Roof strength

Rating applies to 2016-23 models

Tested vehicle: 2016 Mazda CX-9 Sport 4-door 4wd

Overall evaluation
Curb weight 4,139 lbs
Peak force 21,311 lbs
Strength-to-weight ratio 5.15

How the roof strength test is conducted

Head restraints & seats

Seat type: Power leather seat

Overall evaluation
Dynamic rating
Seat/head restraint geometry
Technical measurements for this test
Seat type Power leather seat
Geometry
Backset (mm) 30
Distance below top of head (mm) 2
Seat design parameters
Pass/fail Pass
Max T1 acceleration (g) 11.9
Head contact time (ms) 60
Force rating 1
Neck forces
Max neck shear force (N) 0
Max neck tension (N) 304

How the head restraint & seat test is conducted
Currently, IIHS tests apply only to front seats.

Headlights

Ratings are given for 2 different headlight variations available on this vehicle.

Trim level(s)

  • Grand Touring trim
  • Signature trim
  • Blackout Edition trim
Low-beam headlight type LED projector
High-beam headlight type LED projector
Curve-adaptive? Yes
High-beam assist? Yes
Overall rating
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination:
car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler 0 ft 100 ft 200 ft 300 ft 400 ft 500 ft 600 ft Low beams Optimal low-beam illumination High beams Optimal high-beam illumination High-beam assist credit Some glare

Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was good on the sharp left and both right curves and fair on the gradual left curve.

The low beams created some glare.

High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and fair on the left side. On curves, visibility was good in all 4 tests.

High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and on both left curves.

Technical measurements for this test
Trim level(s)
  • Grand Touring trim
  • Signature trim
  • Blackout Edition trim
Low-beam headlight type LED projector
High-beam headlight type LED projector
Curve-adaptive? Yes
High-beam assist? Yes
Overall rating
Applies to 2019-23 models
LOW BEAMS Average minimum useful
illumination distance (5 lux)
Amount glare
exceeded threshold
Straightaway right edge 114.1 m None
Straightaway left edge 57.6 m None
250m radius right curve, right edge 84.2 m None
250m radius left curve, left edge 56.7 m None
150m radius right curve, right edge 72.4 m None
150m radius left curve, left edge 55.2 m 2.9%
HIGH BEAMS Average minimum useful
illumination distance (5 lux)
Straightaway right edge 143.7 m
Straightaway left edge 133.2 m
250m radius right curve, right edge 80.0 m
250m radius left curve, left edge 77.0 m
150m radius right curve, right edge 67.3 m
150m radius left curve, left edge 65.3 m

Trim level(s)

  • Sport trim
  • Touring trim
Low-beam headlight type LED projector
High-beam headlight type LED projector
Curve-adaptive? No
High-beam assist? Yes
Overall rating
Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination:
car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler car-simpler 0 ft 100 ft 200 ft 300 ft 400 ft 500 ft 600 ft Low beams Optimal low-beam illumination High beams Optimal high-beam illumination High-beam assist credit

Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was good on both right curves and fair on both left curves.

The low beams never exceeded glare limits.

High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and fair on the left side. On curves, visibility was inadequate in all 4 tests.

High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and on the gradual left curve.

Technical measurements for this test
Trim level(s)
  • Sport trim
  • Touring trim
Low-beam headlight type LED projector
High-beam headlight type LED projector
Curve-adaptive? No
High-beam assist? Yes
Overall rating
Applies to 2020-23 models
LOW BEAMS Average minimum useful
illumination distance (5 lux)
Amount glare
exceeded threshold
Straightaway right edge 120.5 m None
Straightaway left edge 58.2 m None
250m radius right curve, right edge 68.8 m None
250m radius left curve, right edge 57.8 m None
150m radius right curve, right edge 55.9 m None
150m radius left curve, left edge 53.6 m None
HIGH BEAMS Average minimum useful
illumination distance (5 lux)
Straightaway right edge 147.2 m
Straightaway left edge 137.1 m
250m radius right curve, right edge 64.8 m
250m radius left curve, left edge 63.3 m
150m radius right curve, right edge 49.0 m
150m radius left curve, left edge 48.5 m

How headlights are evaluated

Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle

System details

  • Standard Advanced Smart City Brake Support with Pedestrian Detection
  • Standard Smart Brake Support with Collision Warning

Overall evaluation

Applies to 2020-23 models

Superior
Superior
  • This system meets the requirements for forward collision warning.
  • In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
  • In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.

How front crash prevention is evaluated

Front crash prevention: pedestrian (day)

System details

  • standard Smart Brake Support with Collision Warning and Advanced Smart City Brake Support with pedestrian detection

Overall evaluation

This rating applies to all 2019-23 models

Advanced
Advanced

Crossing child

  • In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
  • In the 25 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 9 mph.

Crossing adult

  • In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
  • In the 25 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 19 mph.

Parallel adult

  • In the 25 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision.
  • In the 37 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 23 mph. A warning was issued 1.6 seconds before impact.

Front crash prevention: pedestrian (night)

Night

System details

  • standard Smart Brake Support with Collision Warning and Advanced Smart City Brake Support with pedestrian detection

Overall evaluation

Includes high-beam assist credit

This rating applies to all 2021-23 models
Basic
Basic

Crossing adult

  • In the 12 mph test, this vehicle avoided a collision when using its high beams. When using its low beams, impact speed was reduced by 5 mph.
  • In the 25 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 20 mph when using its high beams. When using its low beams, this vehicle failed to slow.

Parallel adult

  • In the 25 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 23 mph when using its high beams. When using its low beams, impact speed was reduced by 16 mph.
  • In the 37 mph test, impact speed was reduced by 16 mph when using its high beams and a warning was issued 1.4 seconds before impact. When using its low beams, impact speed was reduced by 9 mph and a warning was issued 0.9 seconds before impact.

How front crash prevention is evaluated

Seat belt reminders

Rating applies to 2021-23 models

Overall evaluation
Front row
Unbelted occupant alert (audible & visual)
Initiation time
Duration Long enough (90+ seconds)
Volume
Audio frequency
Second row
Startup status alert (visual)
Initiation time
Duration at least 60 seconds
Belt disengaged alert (audible & visual)
Initiation time
Duration at least 30 seconds
Volume
Audio frequency
Technical measurements for this test
Background cabin sound pressure level at 24 km/h 50 dB
Audible signal sound pressure level at 24 km/h 57 dB
Difference between background and signal 6.3 dB
Background cabin sound pressure level at 40 km/h 53 dB
Audible signal sound pressure level at 40 km/h 57 dB
Difference between background and signal 3.4 dB
Dominant audio frequency 1488 Hz

How seat belt reminders are evaluated

Child seat anchors

Rating applies to 2021-23 models

Overall evaluation
Vehicle trim Touring
Seat type leather

This vehicle has 2 rear seating positions with complete child seat attachment (LATCH) hardware.

It has 2 additional seating positions with a tether anchor only.

Overall evaluation
Vehicle trim Touring
Seat type leather
1 2 3 4
G Good
A Acceptable
M Marginal
P Poor
Seating positions that rely on borrowed lower anchors or have only a tether anchor available are not rated.
thether anchor symbol
Tether anchor
lower anchor symbol
Lower anchors
shared lower achors symbol
Lower anchor(s) can be borrowed from adjacent positions(s)
No hardware available

Details by seating position

1
Tether anchor
easy-to-find location
no other hardware could be confused for anchor
Lower anchors
not too deep in seat
not too much force needed to attach
easy to maneuver around anchors
2
Tether anchor
hard-to-find location
other hardware could be confused for anchor
Lower anchors
none available
3
Tether anchor
easy-to-find location
no other hardware could be confused for anchor
Lower anchors
not too deep in seat
not too much force needed to attach
easy to maneuver around anchors
4
Tether anchor
easy-to-find location
no other hardware could be confused for anchor
Lower anchors
none available
Technical measurements for this test

Seat position 21

3

Lower anchor A
Open access rated No
Depth (cm) 0-2
Force (lbs) 12
Clearance angle (degrees) 71
Lower anchor B
Open access rated No
Depth (cm) 0-2
Force (lbs) 16
Clearance angle (degrees) 71
Tether anchor
Location Middle seatback
Confusing hardware present Yes
Has contrasting label
within 3 inches of tether anchor
Yes

Seat position 22

2

Lower anchor A
No lower latch for this seat position
Lower anchor B
No lower latch for this seat position
Tether anchor
Location Other
Confusing hardware present Yes
Has contrasting label
within 3 inches of tether anchor
No

Seat position 23

1

Lower anchor A
Open access rated No
Depth (cm) 0-2
Force (lbs) 16
Clearance angle (degrees) 72
Lower anchor B
Open access rated No
Depth (cm) 0-2
Force (lbs) 11
Clearance angle (degrees) 66
Tether anchor
Location Middle seatback
Confusing hardware present Yes
Has contrasting label
within 3 inches of tether anchor
Yes

Seat position 33

4

Lower anchor A
No lower latch for this seat position
Lower anchor B
No lower latch for this seat position
Tether anchor
Location Middle seatback
Confusing hardware present Yes
Has contrasting label
within 3 inches of tether anchor
Yes

How child seat anchors are evaluated

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