Small overlap front
The small overlap front evaluation consists of a driver-side and a passenger-side component. If the results of the two evaluations differ, then the combined small overlap rating is equal to the lower rating.
Driver-side
- Rating applies to 2020-24 models built after May 2020
Tested vehicle: 2020 Ford Explorer XLT 4-door 4wd
The Ford Explorer was redesigned for the 2020 model year and the Lincoln Aviator was introduced in the same model year.
Two tests of a 2020 Explorer were conducted. In the first test, forces recorded on the dummy's left lower leg were high, leading to a poor lower leg/foot injury rating and an overall acceptable rating. In response, Ford modified the left and right front subframe structure to improve occupant protection in small overlap frontal crashes beginning with cars manufactured after May 2020 (note: information about when a specific vehicle was manufactured is on the certification label typically affixed to the car on or near the driver door).
In the second test of an Explorer built after the structural modifications were in place, the lower leg/foot rating improved to acceptable and the overall rating improved to good.
| Overall driver-side evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics | |
Action shot taken during the second driver-side small overlap frontal crash test.
The dummy's position in relation to the door frame, steering wheel, and instrument panel after the second crash test indicates that the driver's survival space was maintained well.
Forces during the second crash contributed to a moderate risk of injury to the dummy's lower leg/foot.
The frontal and side curtain airbags worked well together to keep the head from coming close to any stiff structure or outside objects that could cause injury.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CEN2006 |
|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 3 |
| Footrest (cm) | 21 |
| Left toepan (cm) | 17 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 15 |
| Parking brake (cm) | |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 0 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Steering column | 0 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 3 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 5 |
| Lower instrument panel (cm) | 7 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CEN2006 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 97 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.8 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 5 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.17 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 23 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 1.9 |
| Right | 1.8 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 4 |
| Right | 3 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.60 |
| Right | 0.64 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 2.7 |
| Right | 4.9 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 83 |
| Right | 105 |
Passenger-side
- Rating applies to 2020-24 models built after May 2020
Tested vehicle: 2020 Ford Explorer XLT 4-door 4wd
The Ford Explorer was redesigned for the 2020 model year and the Lincoln Aviator was introduced in the same model year. Beginning with vehicles manufactured after May 2020 modifications were made to the left and right subframe structure to improve occupant protection in small overlap frontal crashes (note: information about when a specific vehicle was manufactured is on the certification label typically affixed to the car on or near the driver door).
Passenger-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Ford.
| Overall passenger-side evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
| Passenger restraints and dummy kinematics | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Hip/thigh | |
| Lower leg/foot | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics | |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on passenger side
| Test ID | VTP2009 |
|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 2 |
| Footrest (cm) | 9 |
| Right toepan (cm) | 8 |
| Center toepan (cm) | 8 |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 0 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Center dash (cm) | 1 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 2 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 2 |
| Right lower dash (cm) | 2 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | VTP2009 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 220 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.3 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 14 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.26 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 24 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 1.2 |
| Right | 1.9 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.47 |
| Right | 0.59 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 1.0 |
| Right | 2.2 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 106 |
| Right | 121 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTP2009 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 95 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.5 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 7 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.16 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 22 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 0.3 |
| Right | 0.3 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 1 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.34 |
| Right | 0.24 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 0.7 |
| Right | 0.8 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 56 |
| Right | 31 |
Moderate overlap front: original test
Rating applies to 2020-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2020 Ford Explorer XLT 4-door 4wd
The Ford Explorer was redesigned for the 2020 model year and the Lincoln Aviator was introduced in the same model year. Moderate overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test conducted by Ford.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Leg/foot, left | |
| Leg/foot, right | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics |
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | VTF1914 |
|---|---|
| Footwell intrusion | |
| Footrest (cm) | 2 |
| Left (cm) | 3 |
| Center (cm) | 4 |
| Right (cm) | 2 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 2 |
| Instrument panel rearward movement | |
| Left (cm) | 0 |
| Right (cm) | 0 |
| Steering column movement | |
| Upward (cm) | -4 |
| Rearward (cm) | -9 |
| A-pillar rearward movement (cm) | 0 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTF1914 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 109 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.1 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 13 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.21 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 21 |
| Legs | |
| Femur force - left (kN) | 0.4 |
| Femur force - right (kN) | 0.4 |
| Knee displacement - left (mm) | 1 |
| Knee displacement - right (mm) | 1 |
| Maximum tibia index - left | 0.53 |
| Maximum tibia index - right | 0.31 |
| Tibia axial force - left (kN) | 1.2 |
| Tibia axial force - right (kN) | 1.7 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 56 |
| Right | 49 |
Moderate overlap front: updated test
Rating applies to 2022-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2022 Ford Explorer XLT 4-door 4wd
The Ford Explorer was redesigned for the 2020 model year.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Thigh/hip | |
| Leg/foot | |
| Driver restraints and dummy kinematics | |
| Rear passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Chest | |
| Thigh | |
|
Rear passenger restraints and dummy kinematics
| |
View of the vehicle after the crash showing the airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.
The rear passenger dummy's head approached the front seatback, which increases the risk of head injuries.
Rear passenger dummy injury values indicate a moderate risk of injury to the head or neck. During the crash, the shoulder belt remained in an ideal position on the dummy’s chest.
The rear passenger dummy's lap belt remained in the ideal position on the pelvis.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CEF2207 |
|---|---|
| Footwell intrusion | |
| Footrest (cm) | 1 |
| Left (cm) | 2 |
| Center (cm) | 2 |
| Right (cm) | 1 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 0 |
| Instrument panel rearward movement | |
| Left (cm) | 0 |
| Right (cm) | 0 |
| Steering column movement | |
| Upward (cm) | -3 |
| Rearward (cm) | -8 |
| A-pillar rearward movement (cm) | 0 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CEF2207 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 140 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.0 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 8 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.19 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 21 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 0.2 |
| Right | 0.2 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 1 |
| Right | 0 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.16 |
| Right | 0.20 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 1.7 |
| Right | 1.7 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 40 |
| Right | 62 |
Rear passenger injury measures
| Test ID | CEF2207 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 for head contact during forward excursion |
no contact
|
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 2.1 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.0 |
| Maximum Nij for head contact during forward excursion |
no contact
|
| Chest | |
| Chest index | 35 |
| Shoulder belt tension (kN) | 5.1 |
| Thigh (kN) | |
| Left femur compression | 0.1 |
| Right femur compression | 0.1 |
Side: updated test
Rating applies to 2020-24 models
Tested vehicle: 2022 Ford Explorer XLT 4-door 4wd
The Ford Explorer was redesigned for the 2020 model year and the Lincoln Aviator was introduced in the same model year.
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Structure and safety cage | |
| Driver injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis | |
| Driver head protection | |
| Rear passenger injury measures | |
| Head/neck | |
| Torso | |
| Pelvis | |
| Rear passenger head protection | |
View of the vehicle just after the crash test.
View of the vehicle after the crash with doors removed, showing the side airbags and damage to the occupant compartment.
Smeared greasepaint shows where the driver dummy's head was protected from being hit by hard structures by the side airbags.
Smeared greasepaint shows where the rear passenger dummy’s head was protected by the side airbag.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | CES2209 |
|---|---|
| B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat (cm) | -24.5 |
| Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. | |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | CES2209 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 86 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.0 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.5 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 23 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 0.6 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 27 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 24 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 2.19 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.26 |
| Pelvis | |
| Combined force (kN) | 4.4 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | CES2209 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 168 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.2 |
| Compression (kN) | 0.1 |
| Shoulder | |
| Lateral deflection (mm) | 25 |
| Lateral force (kN) | 1.7 |
| Torso | |
| Maximum deflection (mm) | 34 |
| Average deflection (mm) | 25 |
| Maximum deflection rate (m/s) | 4.02 |
| Maximum viscous criterion (m/s) | 0.69 |
| Pelvis | |
| Combined force (kN) | 3.7 |
Headlights
Ratings are given for 2 different headlight variations available on this vehicle.
Trim level(s)
- Platinum trim
| Low-beam headlight type | LED projector |
|---|---|
| High-beam headlight type | LED projector |
| Curve-adaptive? | Yes |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating | |
| Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: | |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was fair on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was good on both right curves and inadequate on both left curves.
The low beams never exceeded glare limits.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was fair on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was good in all 4 tests.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and on both left curves.
| Trim level(s) |
|
|---|---|
| Low-beam headlight type | LED projector |
| High-beam headlight type | LED projector |
| Curve-adaptive? | Yes |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating Applies to 2020-24 models |
| LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 77.9 m | None |
| Straightaway left edge | 43.4 m | None |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 89.8 m | None |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 45.6 m | None |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 74.7 m | None |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 44.8 m | None |
| HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 135.4 m |
| Straightaway left edge | 131.4 m |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 105.3 m |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 81.3 m |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 81.1 m |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 68.1 m |
Trim level(s)
- XLT trim
- Limited trim
- ST trim
| Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
|---|---|
| High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating | |
| Distance at which headlights provide at least 5 lux illumination: | |
Low beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on the right side of the road and inadequate on the left side. On curves, visibility was fair on the sharp right curve and inadequate on the gradual right and both left curves.
The low beams created some glare.
High beams
On the straightaway, visibility was good on both sides of the road. On curves, visibility was fair in all 4 tests.
High-beam assist compensates for some limitations of this vehicle's low beams on the straightaway and all 4 curves.
| Trim level(s) |
|
|---|---|
| Low-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| High-beam headlight type | LED reflector |
| Curve-adaptive? | No |
| High-beam assist? | Yes |
|
Overall rating Applies to 2020-24 models |
| LOW BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
Amount glare exceeded threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 97.2 m | 12.7% |
| Straightaway left edge | 43.0 m | 12.7% |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 47.1 m | None |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 43.6 m | None |
| 150m radius right curve, left edge | 47.5 m | None |
| 150m radius left curve, right edge | 42.6 m | None |
| HIGH BEAMS | Average minimum useful illumination distance (5 lux) |
|---|---|
| Straightaway right edge | 178.3 m |
| Straightaway left edge | 158.9 m |
| 250m radius right curve, right edge | 72.6 m |
| 250m radius left curve, left edge | 73.0 m |
| 150m radius right curve, right edge | 61.1 m |
| 150m radius left curve, left edge | 59.8 m |
Front crash prevention: pedestrian
Seat belt reminders
Rating applies to 2022-24 models
| Overall evaluation | |
|---|---|
| Front row | |
| Unbelted occupant alert (audible & visual) | |
| Initiation time | |
| Duration | Negligible (under 8 seconds) |
| Volume | |
| Audio frequency | |
| Second row | |
| Startup status alert (visual) | |
| Initiation time | |
| Duration at least 60 seconds | |
| Belt disengaged alert (audible & visual) | |
| Initiation time | |
| Duration at least 30 seconds | |
| Volume | |
| Audio frequency |
| Background cabin sound pressure level at 24 km/h | 53 dB |
| Audible signal sound pressure level at 24 km/h | 60 dB |
| Difference between background and signal | 7.0 dB |
| Background cabin sound pressure level at 40 km/h | 56 dB |
| Audible signal sound pressure level at 40 km/h | 61 dB |
| Difference between background and signal | 5.1 dB |
| Dominant audio frequency | 744 Hz |
Child seat anchors
Rating applies to 2020-24 models
| Overall evaluation | |
| Vehicle trim | XLT |
| Seat type | cloth |
This vehicle has 4 rear seating positions with complete child seat attachment (LATCH) hardware.
| Overall evaluation | |
| Vehicle trim | XLT |
| Seat type | cloth |
| G | Good |
| A | Acceptable |
| M | Marginal |
| P | Poor |
| Seating positions that rely on borrowed lower anchors or have only a tether anchor available are not rated. | |
thether anchor symbol | Tether anchor |
lower anchor symbol | Lower anchors |
| Lower anchor(s) can be borrowed from adjacent positions(s) | |
| No hardware available |
Details by seating position
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| not too deep in seat | |
| not too much force needed to attach | |
| easy to maneuver around anchors | |
| 3 | |
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| not too deep in seat | |
| not too much force needed to attach | |
| easy to maneuver around anchors | |
| 4 | |
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| not too deep in seat | |
| not too much force needed to attach | |
| easy to maneuver around anchors | |
| 6 | |
| Tether anchor | |
| easy-to-find location | |
| other hardware could be confused for anchor | |
| Lower anchors | |
| not too deep in seat | |
| not too much force needed to attach | |
| easy to maneuver around anchors |
Seat position 21
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
| Force (lbs) | 19 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 87 |
| Lower anchor B | |
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
| Force (lbs) | 22 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 89 |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Middle seatback |
| Confusing hardware present | Yes |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
No |
| Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |
Seat position 23
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
| Force (lbs) | 17 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 88 |
| Lower anchor B | |
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
| Force (lbs) | 11 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 92 |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Middle seatback |
| Confusing hardware present | Yes |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
No |
| Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |
Seat position 31
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
| Force (lbs) | 10 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 85 |
| Lower anchor B | |
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
| Force (lbs) | 11 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 87 |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Middle seatback |
| Confusing hardware present | Yes |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
No |
| Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |
Seat position 33
| Lower anchor A | |
|---|---|
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
| Force (lbs) | 10 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 85 |
| Lower anchor B | |
| Open access rated | No |
| Depth (cm) | 0-2 |
| Force (lbs) | 15 |
| Clearance angle (degrees) | 87 |
| Tether anchor | |
| Location | Middle seatback |
| Confusing hardware present | Yes |
| Has contrasting label within 3 inches of tether anchor |
No |
| Tether anchors can be accessed while seatback is properly positioned for use of LATCH |
Not measured |