Helmets and antilock brakes make riding less dangerous.
Motorcycles are less stable and less visible than cars and often have high performance capabilities. When motorcycles crash, their riders lack the protection of an enclosed vehicle, so they're more likely to be injured or killed. The federal government estimates that per mile traveled in 2011, the number of deaths on motorcycles was over 30 times the number in cars. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 2013. Traffic safety facts, 2011: motorcycles. Report no. DOT HS-811-765. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation.
Because serious head injury is common among fatally injured motorcyclists, helmet use is important. Helmets are about 37 percent effective in preventing motorcycle deaths Deutermann, W. 2004. Motorcycle helmet effectiveness revisited. Report no. DOT HS-809-715. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. and about 67 percent effective in preventing brain injuries. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 2008. Traffic safety facts, laws: motorcycle helmet use laws. Report no. DOT HS-810-887W. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation. Yet only 19 states and the District of Columbia mandate helmet use by all riders.
All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are not designed for on-highway use, but in recent years more than 300 riders died in crashes on public roads annually.
The following facts are based on analysis of data from the U.S. Department of Transportation's Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS).
A total of 4,667 motorcyclists died in crashes in 2012. Motorcyclist deaths had been declining since the early 1980s but began to increase in 1998 and continued to increase through 2008. Motorcyclist deaths decreased by 16 percent in 2009 compared with 2008 and increased slightly in 2010, 2011, and 2012. Motorcycle deaths accounted for 14 percent of all motor vehicle crash deaths in 2012 and were more than double the number of motorcyclist deaths in 1997.
In 2012, fatally injured motorcycle drivers were 10 percent more likely to be operating without a valid driver's license than in 2011 (24 percent vs. 21 percent), having risen back to the 2004 level. The rate of unlicensed fatally injured motorcycle drivers during 2003-2012 was higher than the rate of unlicensed fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers.
Forty-three percent of motorcyclist deaths in 2012 occurred in single-vehicle crashes, and 57 percent occurred in multiple-vehicle crashes. This has remained largely unchanged since the 1980s.
In the early 1980s the proportion of fatally injured motorcyclists 50 and older started to increase, rising from 3 percent of all rider deaths in 1982 to 13 percent in 1997 and 35 percent in 2012.
Ninety-one percent of motorcyclists killed in 2012 were males.
Sixty-eight percent of the females motorcyclists who died in crashes in 2012 were passengers, and their deaths represented 93 percent of the passenger deaths. Ninety-nine percent of the males who died were drivers.
In 2012, 59 percent of fatally injured motorcycle drivers were helmeted. Helmet use was lower, at 47 percent, for people killed as passengers on motorcycles.
In 2012, 91 percent of fatally injured motorcyclists were helmeted in states with helmet laws that cover all riders, in contrast to only 21 percent in states with no helmet law. In states with helmet laws that cover only some riders, 38 percent of fatally injured motorcyclists were helmeted.
Engine sizes of motorcycles whose drivers were killed in crashes have gone up dramatically. Among motorcycle drivers killed in 2012, 30 percent drove motorcycles with engine size larger than 1,400 cc, compared with 9 percent in 2000 and less than 1 percent in 1990.
Among the motorcycles whose drivers were killed in 2012, 88 percent of touring bikes had engines larger than 1,400 cc, while 98 percent of supersport bikes had engines of sizes 1,000 cc or smaller.
Among fatally injured motorcycle drivers in 2012, 72 percent of cruiser or standard drivers were 40 or older, as were 88 percent of touring bike drivers. In contrast, 68 percent of off-road bike drivers and 61 percent of fatally injured supersport drivers in 2012 were younger than 30.
At 95 percent, helmet use was highest among fatally injured drivers of sport-touring motorcycles in 2012. Seventy-six percent of fatally injured supersport drivers were helmeted. About half of fatally injured drivers of touring motorcycles and of cruisers or standards were helmeted.
Sixty-one percent of motorcyclist deaths in 2012 occurred during May-September. Fatalities peaked in June and were lowest in December.
Forty-eight percent of motorcyclist deaths in 2012 occurred on weekends, and those deaths were more likely to occur after 6 p.m. compared with weekdays.
More than half of motorcyclist deaths in 2012 occurred on major roads other than interstates and freeways. Deaths were about equally likely to occur in urban or rural areas.
Twenty-nine percent of fatally injured motorcycle drivers in 2012 had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at or above 0.08 percent; in single-vehicle crashes this was 43 percent.
Fifty-three percent of motorcycle drivers killed at night (9 p.m.-6 a.m.) in 2012 had BACs at or above 0.08 percent.
Deaths of ATV riders on public roads have increased nearly ninefold since 1982, the first year they were explicitly identified in FARS. The proportion of fatally injured ATV riders who were 40 and older increased from 9 percent in 1982 to 38 percent in 2012. The proportion under the age of 20 decreased from 54 percent in 1982 to 18 percent in 2012.
Eight percent of fatally injured ATV riders wore helmets in 2012.
ATV rider deaths on public roads were highest in June. Seventy-one percent of the deaths in 2012 occurred in May-October.
Eighty-seven percent of ATV riders killed on public roads in 2012 were on rural roads. Of those, 64 percent were on minor roads.
In 2012, 49 percent of fatally injured ATV drivers on public roads had BACs at or above 0.08 percent. Impairment was highest, at 63 percent, among fatally injured ATV drivers ages 40-49.
References