Intrusion measures into the vehicle occupant compartment and peak injury measures recorded from the crash test dummies for the front moderate overlap tests, front small overlap tests (where applicable) and side tests, respectively, are provided in the tables below.
See our protocols page for detailed information on how to interpret these measures.
Note: All vehicles are listed alphabetically.
Front moderate overlap / Driver side occupant compartment intrusion
| |
Footwell intrusion |
Brake pedal (cm) |
Instrument panel rearward movement |
Steering column movement |
A-pillar rearward movement (cm) |
| Footrest (cm) |
Left (cm) |
Center (cm) |
Right (cm) |
Left (cm) |
Right (cm) |
Upward (cm) |
Rearward (cm) |
|
model tested: 1996
|
27
|
37
|
40
|
29
|
28
|
13
|
12
|
20
|
4
|
7
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
8
|
12
|
11
|
9
|
11
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
1
|
|
model tested: 2008
|
11
|
14
|
12
|
9
|
7
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
-4
|
1
|
|
model tested: 2001
|
7
|
14
|
21
|
20
|
14
|
0
|
1
|
11
|
-5
|
1
|
|
|
9
|
19
|
24
|
22
|
17
|
1
|
2
|
9
|
-2
|
2
|
|
|
10
|
24
|
26
|
26
|
23
|
4
|
4
|
8
|
0
|
2
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
17
|
28
|
32
|
29
|
30
|
9
|
9
|
12
|
4
|
5
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
30
|
31
|
36
|
21
|
36
|
13
|
12
|
21
|
6
|
5
|
|
model tested: 2004
|
12
|
12
|
11
|
11
|
10
|
5
|
3
|
9
|
-1
|
2
|
|
model tested: 1999
|
22
|
17
|
18
|
19
|
25
|
6
|
4
|
11
|
3
|
3
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
18
|
14
|
9
|
13
|
18
|
7
|
4
|
2
|
7
|
9
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
7
|
7
|
9
|
14
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
5
|
2
|
0
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
13
|
13
|
11
|
14
|
9
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
0
|
|
model tested: 1999
|
4
|
22
|
22
|
16
|
19
|
2
|
1
|
10
|
-1
|
0
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
32
|
38
|
37
|
33
|
32
|
13
|
15
|
20
|
5
|
9
|
|
model tested: 2012
|
7
|
9
|
15
|
17
|
13
|
2
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
8
|
9
|
16
|
17
|
11
|
2
|
5
|
4
|
4
|
1
|
|
model tested: 2002
|
15
|
18
|
20
|
17
|
22
|
9
|
6
|
13
|
4
|
8
|
|
model tested: 2000
|
23
|
29
|
25
|
21
|
19
|
4
|
6
|
6
|
2
|
7
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
35
|
26
|
29
|
24
|
27
|
15
|
11
|
9
|
7
|
11
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
10
|
10
|
13
|
12
|
6
|
2
|
2
|
8
|
3
|
2
|
|
model tested: 2004
|
6
|
15
|
13
|
13
|
16
|
3
|
4
|
11
|
1
|
1
|
|
model tested: 1999
|
31
|
40
|
40
|
32
|
36
|
19
|
14
|
22
|
15
|
19
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
16
|
27
|
32
|
24
|
32
|
13
|
9
|
9
|
8
|
11
|
|
model tested: 1997
|
40
|
51
|
38
|
31
|
36
|
29
|
24
|
6
|
24
|
30
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
22
|
25
|
26
|
29
|
27
|
8
|
12
|
17
|
8
|
3
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
8
|
12
|
7
|
8
|
5
|
3
|
3
|
0
|
-1
|
2
|
|
model tested: 2004
|
10
|
15
|
11
|
12
|
4
|
4
|
5
|
-6
|
5
|
1
|
|
|
9
|
13
|
8
|
9
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
-2
|
-1
|
1
|
|
model tested: 1998
|
4
|
10
|
6
|
6
|
8
|
2
|
3
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
Front moderate overlap / Driver injury measures
| |
Head |
Neck |
Chest maximum compression (mm) |
Legs |
Foot acceleration (g) |
| HIC-15 |
Peak gs at hard contact |
Tension
(kN) |
Extension bending moment (Nm) |
Maximum Nij |
Femur force (kN) |
Knee displacement (mm) |
Maximum tibia index |
Tibia axial force (kN) |
| Left |
Right |
Left |
Right |
Left |
Right |
Left |
Right |
Left |
Right |
|
model tested: 1996
|
152
|
31
|
1.4
|
8
|
0.31
|
34
|
8.2
|
2.9
|
3
|
0
|
1.97
|
0.58
|
2.3
|
3.0
|
83
|
89
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
550
|
141
|
2.0
|
43
|
0.42
|
26
|
5.2
|
3.1
|
0
|
6
|
0.29
|
0.44
|
1.1
|
1.1
|
62
|
43
|
|
model tested: 2008
|
249
|
17
|
1.3
|
14
|
0.28
|
32
|
4.9
|
2.6
|
0
|
5
|
0.38
|
0.66
|
1.6
|
2.7
|
68
|
55
|
|
model tested: 2001
|
602
|
81
|
2.0
|
30
|
0.43
|
34
|
5.2
|
1.9
|
1
|
3
|
0.60
|
1.70
|
1.8
|
9.3
|
63
|
142
|
|
|
456
|
no contact
|
1.9
|
19
|
0.41
|
41
|
7.7
|
1.6
|
0
|
2
|
0.48
|
1.27
|
1.2
|
6.6
|
59
|
134
|
|
|
587
|
71
|
1.8
|
18
|
0.38
|
51
|
7.2
|
2.1
|
0
|
2
|
0.68
|
1.06
|
0.9
|
7.1
|
71
|
273
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
534
|
no contact
|
2.1
|
28
|
0.38
|
36
|
7.1
|
5.9
|
4
|
3
|
1.92
|
1.93
|
3.4
|
3.4
|
142
|
157
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
267
|
81
|
2.7
|
34
|
0.47
|
34
|
4.8
|
2.3
|
0
|
1
|
1.62
|
0.46
|
2.6
|
2.0
|
61
|
63
|
|
model tested: 2004
|
340
|
86
|
1.4
|
19
|
0.23
|
27
|
2.0
|
1.4
|
0
|
1
|
0.49
|
0.31
|
1.9
|
2.0
|
74
|
61
|
|
model tested: 1999
|
183
|
no contact
|
1.1
|
22
|
0.23
|
27
|
2.1
|
1.5
|
1
|
0
|
0.91
|
0.48
|
2.9
|
1.8
|
52
|
60
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
305
|
no contact
|
1.2
|
27
|
0.43
|
36
|
3.2
|
0.9
|
0
|
4
|
0.59
|
0.44
|
1.8
|
1.6
|
52
|
59
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
131
|
no contact
|
1.3
|
53
|
0.31
|
24
|
0.3
|
0.7
|
0
|
0
|
0.63
|
0.99
|
2.5
|
5.1
|
185
|
142
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
238
|
no contact
|
1.0
|
32
|
0.25
|
28
|
4.3
|
0.3
|
0
|
0
|
0.31
|
0.47
|
0.9
|
2.4
|
45
|
99
|
|
model tested: 1999
|
166
|
no contact
|
1.2
|
15
|
0.27
|
29
|
3.0
|
1.3
|
0
|
0
|
0.44
|
0.36
|
1.4
|
2.5
|
37
|
51
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
173
|
no contact
|
1.6
|
30
|
0.39
|
37
|
3.3
|
2.9
|
5
|
5
|
0.92
|
2.22
|
1.7
|
3.8
|
63
|
86
|
|
model tested: 2012
|
287
|
61
|
1.1
|
39
|
0.33
|
27
|
3.6
|
2.7
|
2
|
2
|
0.31
|
0.25
|
2.1
|
2.5
|
88
|
88
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
322
|
47
|
1.2
|
24
|
0.29
|
36
|
3.2
|
3.5
|
0
|
0
|
0.22
|
0.71
|
1.9
|
2.2
|
64
|
143
|
|
model tested: 2002
|
332
|
94
|
2.5
|
29
|
0.40
|
21
|
4.5
|
4.0
|
4
|
1
|
0.21
|
0.42
|
0.5
|
0.9
|
69
|
47
|
|
model tested: 2000
|
693
|
no contact
|
2.8
|
29
|
0.44
|
30
|
6.3
|
2.1
|
5
|
6
|
0.44
|
1.21
|
1.5
|
3.1
|
98
|
99
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
202
|
no contact
|
1.9
|
35
|
0.32
|
29
|
3.1
|
3.9
|
15
|
0
|
0.94
|
0.92
|
2.7
|
1.0
|
98
|
77
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
281
|
no contact
|
1.5
|
31
|
0.27
|
34
|
4.6
|
2.5
|
0
|
0
|
0.27
|
0.55
|
1.4
|
1.5
|
55
|
70
|
|
model tested: 2004
|
470
|
72
|
2.0
|
20
|
0.33
|
33
|
2.6
|
1.8
|
0
|
1
|
0.40
|
0.70
|
1.1
|
2.3
|
68
|
84
|
|
model tested: 1999
|
442
|
73
|
1.5
|
27
|
0.35
|
39
|
2.9
|
1.5
|
2
|
2
|
1.63
|
0.89
|
4.9
|
5.5
|
116
|
123
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
251
|
74
|
2.6
|
14
|
0.50
|
38
|
2.3
|
4.3
|
4
|
2
|
1.92
|
1.45
|
3.4
|
4.1
|
154
|
no data
|
|
model tested: 1997
|
no data
|
no contact
|
2.7
|
117
|
0.92
|
23
|
6.7
|
4.4
|
17
|
0
|
2.08
|
1.60
|
1.6
|
3.0
|
no data
|
98
|
|
model tested: 1996
|
552
|
91
|
3.9
|
41
|
0.65
|
43
|
3.3
|
1.6
|
2
|
0
|
1.01
|
1.22
|
1.2
|
1.7
|
99
|
80
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
209
|
no contact
|
1.5
|
22
|
0.23
|
31
|
0.7
|
1.4
|
1
|
1
|
0.39
|
0.32
|
2.2
|
2.8
|
70
|
90
|
|
model tested: 2004
|
127
|
8
|
1.4
|
24
|
0.33
|
27
|
4.7
|
3.1
|
no data
|
1
|
0.55
|
0.57
|
1.0
|
2.6
|
81
|
62
|
|
|
148
|
8
|
1.3
|
19
|
0.27
|
29
|
4.1
|
3.6
|
3
|
2
|
0.34
|
0.46
|
0.9
|
2.4
|
71
|
53
|
|
model tested: 1998
|
205
|
no contact
|
0.8
|
10
|
0.23
|
37
|
1.8
|
0.7
|
0
|
0
|
0.32
|
0.52
|
0.9
|
1.7
|
38
|
64
|
Side / Driver side B-pillar intrusion
|
| B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat* (cm) |
|
model tested: 2006
|
4.0
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
2.5
|
|
model tested: 2012
|
-10.5
|
|
model tested: 2008
|
-8.0
|
|
model tested: 2008
|
-8.0
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
-9.5
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
-12.0
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
2.5
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
2.0
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
-18.5
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
-6.0
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
-5.5
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
-1.5
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
-10.0
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
-7.0
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
-4.5
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
-15.5
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
-8.5
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
-9.5
|
|
*Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat
centerline.
|
Side / Driver
injury measures
| |
Head HIC-15 |
Neck |
Shoulder |
Torso |
Pelvis |
Left femur |
| Tension (kN) |
Compression (kN) |
Lateral deflection (mm) |
Lateral force (kN) |
Max. defl. (mm) |
Avg. defl. (mm) |
Max. defl. rate (m/s) |
Max. viscous criterion (m/s) |
Iliac force (kN) |
Acetabulum force (kN) |
Combined acetabulum & iliac force (kN) |
L-M force (kN) |
L-M moment (Nm) |
A-P moment (Nm) |
|
model tested: 2006
|
444
|
2.8
|
0.0
|
35
|
2.7
|
30
|
25
|
3.71
|
0.64
|
1.3
|
1.6
|
2.8
|
0.2
|
46
|
31
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
480
|
2.7
|
0.0
|
38
|
2.9
|
42
|
35
|
7.32
|
1.50
|
2.0
|
2.5
|
4.3
|
0.5
|
53
|
16
|
|
model tested: 2012
|
246
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
16
|
0.8
|
30
|
29
|
2.89
|
0.39
|
2.6
|
1.9
|
4.4
|
1.1
|
28
|
133
|
|
model tested: 2008
|
367
|
2.0
|
0.0
|
36
|
2.1
|
47
|
34
|
3.97
|
0.65
|
3.0
|
2.2
|
4.9
|
0.8
|
107
|
19
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
273
|
2.3
|
0.1
|
33
|
2.0
|
54
|
37
|
4.12
|
1.17
|
2.7
|
2.3
|
4.9
|
0.3
|
51
|
15
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
383
|
2.5
|
0.1
|
34
|
2.1
|
57
|
43
|
5.58
|
1.30
|
1.2
|
1.8
|
3.1
|
0.4
|
48
|
14
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
438
|
2.4
|
0.0
|
35
|
0.9
|
41
|
31
|
6.09
|
0.99
|
2.0
|
3.4
|
5.1
|
1.6
|
167
|
43
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
612
|
2.9
|
0.3
|
48
|
2.3
|
52
|
46
|
5.80
|
1.54
|
1.9
|
3.1
|
4.7
|
1.3
|
137
|
46
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
159
|
0.8
|
0.7
|
22
|
1.7
|
22
|
18
|
4.56
|
0.20
|
1.4
|
0.9
|
2.2
|
0.4
|
146
|
25
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
175
|
1.2
|
0.2
|
41
|
1.9
|
22
|
21
|
4.39
|
0.49
|
3.0
|
0.7
|
3.3
|
0.3
|
86
|
45
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
162
|
1.3
|
0.2
|
24
|
1.4
|
35
|
30
|
4.25
|
0.43
|
2.0
|
0.8
|
2.5
|
0.1
|
27
|
17
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
440
|
2.7
|
0.4
|
59
|
3.0
|
54
|
45
|
7.93
|
1.65
|
1.7
|
3.0
|
4.6
|
0.6
|
81
|
37
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
171
|
1.5
|
0.6
|
40
|
1.8
|
39
|
37
|
4.94
|
0.48
|
2.4
|
1.6
|
3.9
|
0.6
|
23
|
112
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
207
|
1.3
|
0.1
|
37
|
1.6
|
39
|
32
|
4.18
|
0.78
|
0.4
|
2.5
|
2.9
|
0.5
|
69
|
30
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
338
|
2.0
|
0.1
|
44
|
2.1
|
43
|
28
|
4.83
|
0.88
|
1.2
|
2.3
|
3.1
|
0.6
|
62
|
22
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
172
|
0.8
|
0.0
|
35
|
1.3
|
28
|
23
|
2.14
|
0.35
|
0.8
|
2.6
|
3.0
|
1.0
|
23
|
130
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
121
|
1.1
|
0.1
|
45
|
2.1
|
34
|
31
|
2.46
|
0.39
|
1.3
|
2.4
|
3.6
|
1.0
|
99
|
20
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
282
|
2.3
|
0.0
|
39
|
2.6
|
35
|
29
|
4.89
|
0.65
|
2.5
|
2.6
|
4.4
|
1.1
|
124
|
18
|
Side / Passenger
injury measures
| |
Head HIC-15 |
Neck |
Shoulder |
Torso |
Pelvis |
Left femur |
| Tension (kN) |
Compression (kN) |
Lateral deflection (mm) |
Lateral force (kN) |
Max. defl. (mm) |
Avg. defl. (mm) |
Max. defl. rate (m/s) |
Max. viscous criterion (m/s) |
Iliac force (kN) |
Acetabulum force (kN) |
Combined acetabulum & iliac force (kN) |
L-M force (kN) |
L-M moment (Nm) |
A-P moment (Nm) |
|
model tested: 2006
|
95
|
1.3
|
0.1
|
27
|
1.3
|
29
|
24
|
1.83
|
0.29
|
0.4
|
3.3
|
3.4
|
0.6
|
91
|
41
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
338
|
2.4
|
0.1
|
41
|
1.8
|
28
|
24
|
3.01
|
0.38
|
0.6
|
3.4
|
3.7
|
0.9
|
183
|
39
|
|
model tested: 2012
|
124
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
32
|
1.3
|
40
|
26
|
4.23
|
0.80
|
0.2
|
2.7
|
2.7
|
0.5
|
54
|
163
|
|
model tested: 2008
|
84
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
28
|
1.2
|
37
|
23
|
5.14
|
0.89
|
0.2
|
3.4
|
3.5
|
1.1
|
131
|
45
|
|
model tested: 2008
|
84
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
28
|
1.2
|
37
|
23
|
5.14
|
0.89
|
0.2
|
3.4
|
3.5
|
1.1
|
131
|
45
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
100
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
29
|
0.0
|
36
|
22
|
5.23
|
0.89
|
0.1
|
3.4
|
3.5
|
0.6
|
97
|
16
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
102
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
28
|
1.2
|
35
|
24
|
6.15
|
0.87
|
0.2
|
0.0
|
0.2
|
0.3
|
70
|
18
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
112
|
0.1
|
0.4
|
35
|
1.5
|
34
|
22
|
4.71
|
0.48
|
1.5
|
2.1
|
3.3
|
0.4
|
30
|
42
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
67
|
1.1
|
0.3
|
32
|
1.4
|
33
|
23
|
4.39
|
0.56
|
1.7
|
2.8
|
4.0
|
0.4
|
50
|
42
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
99
|
0.0
|
0.5
|
19
|
1.6
|
37
|
32
|
4.55
|
0.69
|
0.4
|
1.9
|
2.1
|
1.0
|
148
|
28
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
115
|
0.7
|
0.4
|
42
|
2.0
|
46
|
31
|
5.02
|
1.07
|
1.2
|
2.2
|
2.8
|
0.7
|
147
|
39
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
144
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
32
|
1.6
|
38
|
33
|
5.29
|
0.60
|
0.4
|
3.4
|
3.6
|
0.2
|
108
|
20
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
189
|
1.7
|
0.3
|
38
|
1.5
|
47
|
29
|
5.88
|
0.90
|
2.7
|
2.9
|
5.4
|
1.0
|
101
|
40
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
38
|
0.6
|
0.1
|
30
|
1.6
|
24
|
15
|
6.03
|
0.33
|
0.8
|
2.2
|
2.7
|
0.1
|
43
|
52
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
200
|
1.0
|
0.3
|
20
|
1.5
|
36
|
19
|
4.35
|
0.53
|
0.3
|
3.2
|
3.2
|
0.9
|
204
|
84
|
|
model tested: 2006
|
124
|
1.0
|
0.1
|
20
|
1.5
|
42
|
22
|
4.50
|
0.86
|
0.2
|
3.0
|
3.0
|
1.2
|
166
|
83
|
|
model tested: 2011
|
202
|
0.4
|
0.0
|
41
|
1.4
|
27
|
17
|
2.46
|
0.33
|
1.7
|
2.2
|
3.6
|
0.2
|
31
|
67
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
99
|
0.6
|
0.2
|
43
|
1.5
|
27
|
19
|
2.86
|
0.35
|
0.7
|
3.2
|
3.5
|
1.0
|
134
|
44
|
|
model tested: 2005
|
104
|
1.5
|
0.1
|
40
|
1.6
|
23
|
19
|
2.82
|
0.32
|
0.7
|
3.2
|
3.6
|
1.3
|
127
|
36
|
