HIGHWAY SAFETY RESEARCH & COMMUNICATIONS

Small SUVs

Intrusion measures into the vehicle occupant compartment and peak injury measures recorded from the crash test dummies for the front moderate overlap tests, front small overlap tests (where applicable) and side tests, respectively, are provided in the tables below.

See our protocols page for detailed information on how to interpret these measures.

Note: All vehicles are listed alphabetically.

Front moderate overlap / Driver side occupant compartment intrusion

  Footwell intrusion Brake pedal (cm) Instrument panel rearward movement Steering column movement A-pillar rearward movement (cm)
Footrest (cm) Left (cm) Center (cm) Right (cm) Left (cm) Right (cm) Upward (cm) Rearward (cm)
BMW X1
model tested: 2013 3 4 3 4 2 1 0 1 -3 1
Buick Encore
model tested: 2013 3 6 9 6 11 0 0 -2 -7 0
Ford Escape
model tested: 2013 6 8 8 8 3 1 1 1 1 1
  8 12 10 7 2 1 1 3 -1 1
model tested: 2009 6 15 17 9 10 1 0 0 -1 1
model tested: 2005 18 27 25 16 18 3 2 6 -1 3
model tested: 2001 18 27 31 22 22 8 6 4 7 11
Honda CR-V
model tested: 2012 5 11 9 11 6 2 1 0 -2 0
model tested: 2007 2 6 5 5 7 0 0 1 -1 0
model tested: 2002 4 6 7 6 3 0 0 5 -3 1
model tested: 1998 15 24 19 13 27 8 14 9 8 7
Honda Element
model tested: 2003 4 6 7 5 6 0 1 5 -3 1
Hyundai Santa Fe
model tested: 2001 8 17 17 15 7 4 6 1 7 3
Hyundai Tucson
model tested: 2010 4 10 10 7 9 0 0 0 -3 0
model tested: 2006 11 18 14 14 11 3 4 1 0 2
Isuzu Amigo
model tested: 1998 36 29 23 17 29 17 11 18 12 17
Jeep Cherokee
model tested: 1998 28 26 18 21 20 4 4 19 -2 5
Jeep Patriot
model tested: 2008 7 11 11 9 3 2 2 5 -2 2
Jeep Wrangler 2-door
model tested: 2007 4 6 8 8 3 -1 1 1 0 1
model tested: 1998 18 22 18 9 21 -1 -1 7 3 8
Kia Sportage
model tested: 2010 4 10 10 7 9 0 0 0 -3 0
model tested: 1998 28 25 18 12 14 0 4 11 3 12
Land Rover Freelander
model tested: 2002 9 13 13 10 10 6 5 8 -1 3
Mazda CX-5
model tested: 2013 3 6 8 4 2 0 -1 -2 -4 0
Mitsubishi Outlander
model tested: 2007 3 8 9 8 5 1 1 -4 -1 0
model tested: 2003 2 7 9 8 6 0 1 1 -3 1
Mitsubishi Outlander Sport
model tested: 2011 4 10 10 7 12 0 1 0 0 0
Nissan Rogue
model tested: 2008 7 13 7 10 8 2 3 0 -2 1
Pontiac Torrent
model tested: 2007 12 22 20 13 11 3 3 2 -1 2
Saturn VUE
model tested: 2002 7 20 18 13 12 1 1 4 0 2
Subaru Forester
model tested: 2014 1 2 3 4 2 -2 0 -3 -5 0
model tested: 2009 3 12 11 8 1 1 1 2 -1 1
model tested: 2003 5 5 13 11 12 1 2 0 0 1
model tested: 1999 14 17 21 17 23 6 5 3 5 9
Suzuki Grand Vitara
model tested: 2008 12 15 17 9 18 3 2 8 4 3
model tested: 1999 13 15 12 7 12 5 2 1 0 12
Toyota RAV4
model tested: 2013 6 9 6 5 5 1 1 -1 -4 1
model tested: 2006 4 9 8 5 6 2 1 3 -2 1
model tested: 2004 9 16 16 14 13 1 1 5 -1 1
model tested: 2001 11 19 18 13 18 2 1 9 -2 2
model tested: 1998 14 26 24 18 29 2 4 11 4 4
Volkswagen Tiguan
model tested: 2009 3 4 6 4 9 0 0 1 -1 1

Front moderate overlap / Driver injury measures

  Head Neck Chest maximum compression (mm) Legs Foot acceleration (g)
HIC-15 Peak gs at hard contact Tension
(kN)
Extension bending moment (Nm) Maximum Nij Femur force (kN) Knee displacement (mm) Maximum tibia index Tibia axial force (kN)
Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right
BMW X1
model tested: 2013 271 no contact 0.9 18 0.27 26 1.4 0.9 1 1 0.40 0.38 2.1 2.9 76 65
Buick Encore
model tested: 2013 194 no contact 1.2 12 0.25 29 0.2 0.6 1 0 0.19 0.30 1.5 3.3 36 87
Ford Escape
model tested: 2013 223 no contact 1.1 12 0.22 24 0.6 0.6 1 1 0.27 0.35 1.7 2.0 38 85
  212 no contact 1.1 23 0.23 26 0.4 0.5 0 0 0.26 0.36 1.6 2.2 61 85
model tested: 2009 124 50 1.3 15 0.26 29 0.8 3.8 1 3 0.25 0.69 1.7 2.8 84 168
model tested: 2005 368 22 2.7 15 0.45 30 5.5 6.4 0 4 0.54 1.37 2.7 5.7 168 199
model tested: 2001 550 89 2.3 36 0.51 24 4.0 4.7 4 6 0.56 1.13 1.9 9.3 61 207
Honda CR-V
model tested: 2012 319 no contact 1.4 15 0.24 28 1.2 1.1 3 0 0.35 0.33 2.1 2.0 55 78
model tested: 2007 223 no contact 0.8 8 0.17 30 0.3 0.8 0 0 0.57 0.64 3.3 3.5 92 84
model tested: 2002 248 28 1.5 24 0.30 34 1.6 0.7 3 0 0.58 0.54 2.8 3.5 78 86
model tested: 1998 589 89 2.3 32 0.58 43 3.9 2.6 19 7 1.50 0.44 0.8 1.1 108 82
Honda Element
model tested: 2003 167 31 1.7 23 0.33 32 2.8 1.2 0 0 0.56 0.42 1.3 2.9 65 62
Hyundai Santa Fe
model tested: 2001 359 110 1.6 35 0.47 33 3.6 4.0 7 0 0.50 0.89 0.8 3.6 56 111
Hyundai Tucson
model tested: 2010 213 negligible 0.9 11 0.20 35 2.5 0.4 0 0 0.27 0.26 1.4 2.1 49 74
model tested: 2006 270 33 1.3 34 0.36 39 3.6 5.9 1 0 1.29 1.04 1.5 6.7 53 159
Isuzu Amigo
model tested: 1998 475 negligible 2.0 31 0.43 36 2.8 3.0 10 9 1.03 0.40 7.2 3.4 205 85
Jeep Cherokee
model tested: 1998 273 60 2.3 32 0.52 24 5.0 4.0 1 5 1.52 0.87 2.7 4.3 111 138
Jeep Patriot
model tested: 2008 494 78 1.5 23 0.39 25 1.7 2.4 0 0 0.65 0.78 1.5 3.6 70 86
Jeep Wrangler 2-door
model tested: 2007 215 76 1.2 40 0.33 37 5.9 1.7 2 0 0.63 0.55 1.4 2.3 76 71
model tested: 1998 335 no contact 2.1 18 0.41 46 6.6 3.0 10 6 0.56 0.33 1.5 1.5 108 60
Kia Sportage
model tested: 2010 213 negligible 0.9 11 0.20 35 2.5 0.4 0 0 0.27 0.26 1.4 2.1 49 74
model tested: 1998 457 40 2.3 28 0.56 38 3.8 2.4 10 11 1.09 0.58 7.1 3.0 150 107
Land Rover Freelander
model tested: 2002 284 23 2.3 43 0.46 38 5.1 5.4 13 8 0.68 0.56 0.9 2.6 61 128
Mazda CX-5
model tested: 2013 325 17 1.0 12 0.25 27 0.2 1.0 0 0 0.21 0.68 1.5 1.6 45 46
Mitsubishi Outlander
model tested: 2007 161 no contact 1.1 26 0.24 31 0.2 0.5 0 2 0.35 0.96 1.8 4.1 47 105
model tested: 2003 243 negligible 1.6 20 0.35 29 1.4 1.1 1 1 0.52 0.65 1.5 2.3 75 82
Mitsubishi Outlander Sport
model tested: 2011 207 35 1.5 12 0.23 34 1.6 2.5 1 2 0.46 0.78 1.7 4.5 46 95
Nissan Rogue
model tested: 2008 298 73 1.3 25 0.29 25 0.1 0.3 0 0 0.42 0.42 1.2 1.2 48 84
Pontiac Torrent
model tested: 2007 230 25 1.0 10 0.37 30 1.8 2.6 0 0 0.42 0.39 1.1 2.3 81 65
Saturn VUE
model tested: 2002 364 86 1.5 21 0.30 37 3.7 1.3 3 1 0.22 0.69 1.1 2.6 69 69
Subaru Forester
model tested: 2014 223 no contact 1.8 30 0.37 31 1.5 1.3 3 2 0.48 0.49 2.4 2.2 63 50
model tested: 2009 193 no contact 1.4 27 0.28 33 1.5 2.7 2 6 0.35 0.65 1.5 3.5 59 86
model tested: 2003 188 negligible 1.3 21 0.35 34 1.3 2.7 6 2 0.42 0.54 2.1 4.5 79 103
model tested: 1999 201 9 1.7 19 0.40 46 4.4 2.8 7 12 0.48 0.62 1.3 2.8 81 54
Suzuki Grand Vitara
model tested: 2008 358 no contact 1.4 17 0.33 32 3.8 3.2 0 3 0.19 0.34 1.4 2.5 58 63
model tested: 1999 658 56 2.4 38 0.66 41 4.5 4.8 8 7 0.41 0.45 3.1 2.3 112 62
Toyota RAV4
model tested: 2013 237 no contact 1.7 12 0.31 27 1.0 1.2 0 1 0.48 0.40 2.3 2.6 68 81
model tested: 2006 442 93 1.3 13 0.25 27 4.3 1.3 0 2 0.44 0.38 1.2 2.1 68 111
model tested: 2004 294 65 1.9 29 0.60 <50 1.0 4.1 0 1 0.46 0.85 1.6 4.9 77 150
model tested: 2001 357 73 1.9 46 0.39 23 0.9 3.8 0 0 0.85 0.80 2.4 4.1 85 119
model tested: 1998 407 80 1.8 26 0.42 23 3.2 3.8 1 4 1.48 0.71 2.2 3.7 88 106
Volkswagen Tiguan
model tested: 2009 250 37 1.6 35 0.35 29 1.1 0.3 0 4 0.32 0.40 1.4 1.5 62 117

Front small overlap / Driver side occupant compartment structure

  Lower occupant compartment Upper occupant compartment
Lower hinge pillar max
(cm)
Footrest
(cm)
Left toepan
(cm)
Brake pedal
(cm)
Parking brake
(cm)
Rocker panel lateral average
(cm)
Steering column rearward
(cm)
Upper hinge pillar max
(cm)
Upper dash
(cm)
Lower instrument panel
(cm)
BMW X1
model tested: 2013 11 40 31 19 no data 1 6 7 15 12
Buick Encore
model tested: 2013 32 11 7 11 no data 9 1 31 26 22
  21 16 12 9 no data 6 3 23 19 17
Ford Escape
model tested: 2013 17 11 11 4 0 4 10 25 20 14
Honda CR-V
model tested: 2012 26 15 13 10 29 14 11 31 26 26
Hyundai Tucson
model tested: 2013 22 16 17 11 41 8 11 22 22 22
Jeep Patriot
model tested: 2012 29 27 19 13 0 9 9 23 25 20
Jeep Wrangler 2-door
model tested: 2013 9 17 16 13 no data 1 8 9 11 9
Mazda CX-5
model tested: 2013 28 15 13 9 no data 4 7 21 19 20
Mitsubishi Outlander Sport
model tested: 2012 15 11 8 6 0 5 1 13 12 11
Nissan Rogue
model tested: 2012 38 24 13 5 18 6 6 22 24 27
Subaru Forester
model tested: 2014 9 10 6 6 no data 0 0 5 4 2
Volkswagen Tiguan
model tested: 2013 20 12 3 8 no data 5 9 17 19 17

Front small overlap / Driver injury measures

  Head Neck Chest maximum compression (mm) Legs Foot acceleration (g)
HIC-15 Peak gs at hard contact Tension
(kN)
Extension bending moment (Nm) Maximum Nij Femur force (kN) Femur
impulse
(Ns)
Knee displacement (mm) Knee-Thigh-Hip
injury risk
(%)
Maximum tibia index Tibia axial force (kN)
Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right
BMW X1
model tested: 2013 196 no contact 0.8 12 0.18 22 2.37 2.11 0.00 0.00 4 4 0 0 2.48 0.48 6.9 3.4 201 69
Buick Encore
model tested: 2013 76 no contact 1.1 30 0.34 20 7.08 0.73 92.00 0.00 21 2 11 0 1.57 0.48 1.9 1.4 89 51
  101 no contact 1.5 29 0.44 21 4.72 1.36 71.80 0.00 19 2 3 0 1.05 0.62 1.7 1.5 50 58
Ford Escape
model tested: 2013 122 no contact 1.6 20 0.36 26 13.55 2.68 273.80 0.00 10 1 100 0 0.90 0.40 1.0 4.3 47 69
Honda CR-V
model tested: 2012 102 no contact 1.4 24 0.36 13 5.29 1.43 101.00 0.00 8 3 4 0 1.08 0.51 5.9 2.2 79 66
Hyundai Tucson
model tested: 2013 158 35 1.7 12 0.33 20 4.04 2.40 0.00 0.00 18 4 1 0 0.98 0.54 2.2 1.7 59 70
Jeep Patriot
model tested: 2012 81 no contact 1.5 15 0.28 27 6.73 2.03 26.20 0.00 7 1 9 0 1.42 0.82 2.8 4.2 62 140
Jeep Wrangler 2-door
model tested: 2013 147 no contact 1.6 15 0.29 31 13.01 12.03 59.40 65.40 26 2 70 60 2.43 0.61 2.1 4.0 177 103
Mazda CX-5
model tested: 2013 95 no contact 1.3 7 0.23 21 4.92 0.21 60.60 0.00 15 0 3 0 0.90 0.55 1.3 0.6 54 58
Mitsubishi Outlander Sport
model tested: 2012 84 no contact 1.2 7 0.20 28 3.43 0.93 0.00 0.00 9 1 1 0 0.68 0.36 1.9 1.9 61 53
Nissan Rogue
model tested: 2012 82 no contact 0.9 10 0.16 24 3.19 0.99 0.00 0.00 9 2 1 0 1.15 0.41 4.0 0.6 153 40
Subaru Forester
model tested: 2014 127 no contact no data no data no data 26 1.69 1.19 0.00 0.00 4 1 0 0 0.35 0.41 2.3 2.1 50 47
Volkswagen Tiguan
model tested: 2013 87 no contact 1.4 6 0.22 26 14.07 0.99 211.00 0.00 9 2 100 0 0.49 0.40 1.1 1.9 47 99

Side / Driver side B-pillar intrusion

  B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat* (cm)
BMW X1 with side airbags
model tested: 2013 -18.0
Buick Encore with side airbags
model tested: 2013 -15.5
Chevrolet Equinox without side airbags
model tested: 2008 0.0
Ford Escape with side airbags
model tested: 2013 -19.5
model tested: 2005 -5.5
model tested: 2003 -6.5
Ford Escape without side airbags
model tested: 2003 -7.5
Honda CR-V with side airbags
model tested: 2012 -13.0
model tested: 2007 -13.0
model tested: 2005 -4.0
Honda CR-V without side airbags
model tested: 2003 0.0
Honda Element with side airbags
model tested: 2008 -10.0
Honda Element without side airbags
model tested: 2003 -5.0
Hyundai Santa Fe with side airbags
model tested: 2003 0.0
Hyundai Tucson with side airbags
model tested: 2010 -10.5
model tested: 2006 -5.5
Jeep Patriot with side airbags
model tested: 2008 -16.5
  -15.0
Jeep Wrangler 2-door without side airbags
model tested: 2008 -15.5
model tested: 2003 -12.5
Kia Sportage with side airbags
model tested: 2012 -13.5
model tested: 2010 -10.5
Land Rover Freelander without side airbags
model tested: 2003 1.0
model tested: 2002 0.5
Mazda CX-5 with side airbags
model tested: 2013 -18.5
Mitsubishi Outlander Sport with side airbags
model tested: 2011 -7.0
Mitsubishi Outlander with side airbags
model tested: 2008 -9.0
Mitsubishi Outlander without side airbags
model tested: 2003 0.5
Nissan Rogue with side airbags
model tested: 2008 -12.0
Saturn VUE without side airbags
model tested: 2003 -2.0
Subaru Forester with side airbags
model tested: 2014 -14.0
model tested: 2009 -11.5
model tested: 2003 -7.0
  -8.0
Suzuki Grand Vitara with side airbags
model tested: 2008 -8.5
Suzuki Grand Vitara without side airbags
model tested: 2003 3.5
Toyota RAV4 with side airbags
model tested: 2013 -14.5
  -15.0
model tested: 2006 -7.0
model tested: 2004 -6.5
Toyota RAV4 without side airbags
model tested: 2003 -2.5
Volkswagen Tiguan with side airbags
model tested: 2009 -16.5
*Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline.

Side / Driver injury measures

  Head HIC-15 Neck Shoulder Torso Pelvis Left femur
Tension (kN) Compression (kN) Lateral deflection (mm) Lateral force (kN) Max. defl. (mm) Avg. defl. (mm) Max. defl. rate (m/s) Max. viscous criterion (m/s) Iliac force (kN) Acetabulum force (kN) Combined acetabulum & iliac force (kN) L-M force (kN) L-M moment (Nm) A-P moment (Nm)
BMW X1 with side airbags
model tested: 2013 72 1.3 0.3 34 1.3 28 25 3.37 0.46 0.6 2.3 3.0 0.4 85 18
Buick Encore with side airbags
model tested: 2013 189 1.2 0.5 31 1.5 31 27 3.08 0.29 1.5 1.8 3.1 0.2 155 22
Chevrolet Equinox without side airbags
model tested: 2008 564 2.2 0.0 58 3.1 35 27 6.52 0.92 4.0 2.8 6.7 0.6 56 36
Ford Escape with side airbags
model tested: 2013 160 0.8 0.3 41 1.8 27 21 2.70 0.29 1.6 1.5 3.0 0.5 47 25
model tested: 2005 216 1.7 0.5 47 2.1 32 26 3.45 0.47 2.2 3.8 5.6 0.5 52 31
model tested: 2003 215 1.6 0.3 49 1.7 42 39 5.00 0.93 1.5 2.3 3.8 0.4 71 20
Ford Escape without side airbags
model tested: 2003 733 2.2 0.3 65 4.0 57 48 5.64 1.57 1.7 2.8 4.5 0.4 79 24
Honda CR-V with side airbags
model tested: 2012 156 1.0 0.7 34 1.2 30 26 2.68 0.42 3.2 2.6 5.5 0.7 43 132
model tested: 2007 266 1.1 0.2 43 1.8 34 30 2.78 0.49 2.8 2.8 5.6 0.6 71 31
model tested: 2005 267 2.0 1.0 40 1.7 40 28 4.73 0.73 0.9 1.9 2.4 0.2 64 33
Honda CR-V without side airbags
model tested: 2003 332 2.3 0.1 62 3.5 45 32 6.20 1.14 0.8 2.4 3.2 0.5 134 22
Honda Element with side airbags
model tested: 2008 218 1.1 0.1 34 2.1 38 31 4.20 0.88 1.8 2.6 4.3 0.4 96 21
Honda Element without side airbags
model tested: 2003 427 2.4 0.1 57 2.4 57 43 7.41 1.68 0.9 2.8 3.7 0.4 86 50
Hyundai Santa Fe with side airbags
model tested: 2003 243 1.5 0.1 49 1.8 38 33 5.51 0.76 3.7 1.4 4.8 0.2 50 17
Hyundai Tucson with side airbags
model tested: 2010 177 1.4 0.4 35 1.5 37 32 3.16 0.59 1.9 2.5 4.3 1.1 131 20
model tested: 2006 295 1.8 0.0 47 1.8 39 31 5.79 0.82 4.7 1.8 6.5 0.4 66 17
Jeep Patriot with side airbags
model tested: 2008 179 1.5 0.0 59 2.2 43 36 4.52 0.77 1.0 2.8 3.5 0.5 114 44
  318 1.3 0.0 66 6.8 51 45 7.06 1.87 1.7 3.1 4.2 0.5 154 64
Jeep Wrangler 2-door without side airbags
model tested: 2008 121 1.5 0.1 46 2.7 57 49 7.68 1.49 2.8 3.6 6.3 0.4 76 39
model tested: 2003 294 2.3 0.0 65 4.1 63 50 8.35 2.45 1.2 3.1 4.2 0.4 34 34
Kia Sportage with side airbags
model tested: 2012 334 1.6 0.7 27 1.8 30 24 3.89 0.52 1.2 1.7 2.8 1.0 72 15
model tested: 2010 177 1.4 0.4 35 1.5 37 32 3.16 0.59 1.9 2.5 4.3 1.1 131 20
Land Rover Freelander without side airbags
model tested: 2003 281 2.1 0.0 45 3.4 56 42 9.26 2.40 3.3 2.3 5.4 0.4 72 24
Mazda CX-5 with side airbags
model tested: 2013 188 0.9 0.2 30 1.3 20 18 2.89 0.18 1.7 1.5 3.1 1.3 148 46
Mitsubishi Outlander Sport with side airbags
model tested: 2011 320 1.1 0.3 49 2.0 37 30 4.98 0.40 2.5 2.6 4.9 1.1 139 30
Mitsubishi Outlander with side airbags
model tested: 2008 157 1.2 0.1 46 1.6 36 29 5.61 0.59 1.6 2.7 4.1 0.4 85 44
Mitsubishi Outlander without side airbags
model tested: 2003 972 2.6 0.6 45 2.5 55 50 6.62 1.51 6.2 4.3 10.4 0.5 102 29
Nissan Rogue with side airbags
model tested: 2008 74 0.7 0.1 29 1.2 23 21 4.04 0.30 0.7 2.3 2.7 0.8 124 34
Saturn VUE without side airbags
model tested: 2003 553 2.2 0.0 63 3.7 69 54 10.13 2.68 3.2 3.4 6.6 0.6 65 23
Subaru Forester with side airbags
model tested: 2014 186 0.2 0.7 39 1.5 37 30 2.97 0.67 1.8 1.1 2.9 0.4 85 31
model tested: 2009 247 0.8 0.0 31 1.3 23 22 2.42 0.27 2.6 2.8 5.4 0.7 126 29
model tested: 2003 141 1.0 0.4 58 1.8 44 34 4.48 0.67 3.1 2.5 5.7 0.4 75 34
Suzuki Grand Vitara with side airbags
model tested: 2008 191 0.9 0.1 38 1.8 35 26 3.77 0.65 4.8 1.9 6.6 0.2 80 33
Suzuki Grand Vitara without side airbags
model tested: 2003 958 2.5 0.1 64 2.1 45 38 5.31 0.85 3.6 2.6 6.0 0.5 94 52
Toyota RAV4 with side airbags
model tested: 2013 277 0.6 0.1 47 2.2 38 26 6.10 0.51 1.9 2.4 4.2 1.0 124 34
  201 0.4 0.2 36 1.8 19 13 2.50 0.16 2.3 1.9 4.2 0.2 107 17
model tested: 2006 201 1.3 0.2 40 1.8 30 25 2.00 0.33 1.7 3.4 5.1 0.6 83 22
model tested: 2004 174 1.2 0.2 46 2.1 34 27 2.58 0.50 3.3 2.2 4.9 0.6 40 35
Toyota RAV4 without side airbags
model tested: 2003 338 2.3 0.0 51 3.3 43 33 10.34 1.44 6.7 2.3 9.0 0.8 57 32
Volkswagen Tiguan with side airbags
model tested: 2009 52 0.9 0.1 18 1.0 28 27 4.51 0.53 2.7 2.9 4.3 0.7 87 16

Side / Passenger injury measures

  Head HIC-15 Neck Shoulder Torso Pelvis Left femur
Tension (kN) Compression (kN) Lateral deflection (mm) Lateral force (kN) Max. defl. (mm) Avg. defl. (mm) Max. defl. rate (m/s) Max. viscous criterion (m/s) Iliac force (kN) Acetabulum force (kN) Combined acetabulum & iliac force (kN) L-M force (kN) L-M moment (Nm) A-P moment (Nm)
BMW X1 with side airbags
model tested: 2013 124 0.1 0.5 21 1.1 24 16 2.02 0.20 2.4 0.4 2.7 0.6 69 54
Buick Encore with side airbags
model tested: 2013 148 0.3 0.3 16 1.0 22 18 1.87 0.17 0.2 1.2 1.4 0.3 53 11
Chevrolet Equinox without side airbags
model tested: 2008 409 0.4 1.0 35 1.8 40 31 4.18 0.68 2.4 3.1 5.1 0.9 45 29
Ford Escape with side airbags
model tested: 2013 118 0.2 0.3 37 2.0 32 19 3.00 0.41 0.5 2.5 2.6 0.3 50 18
model tested: 2005 306 0.3 1.2 38 2.0 37 26 3.54 0.49 0.7 3.4 3.8 0.7 66 16
model tested: 2003 490 0.4 1.0 46 1.9 41 31 4.00 0.69 1.6 3.0 4.2 0.3 80 13
Ford Escape without side airbags
model tested: 2003 491 0.4 1.0 46 1.8 43 33 3.79 0.70 1.3 2.8 3.8 0.3 75 13
Honda CR-V with side airbags
model tested: 2012 117 0.2 1.4 43 1.2 33 26 3.24 0.48 0.6 1.6 1.8 1.2 21 88
model tested: 2007 197 0.1 0.8 41 1.7 33 28 3.41 0.51 1.2 3.4 4.1 0.3 73 54
model tested: 2005 179 0.1 0.7 31 1.9 33 27 3.27 0.44 1.2 3.1 4.0 0.4 68 19
Honda CR-V without side airbags
model tested: 2003 395 0.3 1.5 34 1.5 46 30 6.68 0.95 0.9 3.0 3.7 0.6 86 19
Honda Element with side airbags
model tested: 2008 491 0.0 1.2 26 1.1 20 15 3.05 0.20 0.6 3.5 3.8 0.1 132 17
Honda Element without side airbags
model tested: 2003 170 1.3 0.2 32 1.1 40 25 6.31 0.95 0.4 4.6 4.6 0.3 140 17
Hyundai Santa Fe with side airbags
model tested: 2003 208 1.3 0.3 43 1.7 40 30 5.38 0.82 0.8 2.8 3.3 0.3 101 29
Hyundai Tucson with side airbags
model tested: 2010 454 0.3 1.7 35 1.9 28 21 3.18 0.36 1.2 2.3 3.2 0.7 68 41
model tested: 2006 141 0.1 0.8 31 1.4 42 33 3.95 0.67 2.6 3.1 5.6 0.6 166 23
Jeep Patriot with side airbags
model tested: 2008 292 0.1 0.8 60 3.7 48 32 4.97 0.98 0.2 2.6 2.6 0.3 131 48
  234 0.0 0.8 58 1.9 44 27 4.46 0.79 0.8 2.5 3.0 0.6 99 35
Jeep Wrangler 2-door without side airbags
model tested: 2008 522 1.6 0.1 11 0.7 24 8 1.78 0.19 1.5 2.1 2.8 0.8 161 90
model tested: 2003 135 0.5 0.5 2 0.2 30 18 3.61 0.46 1.5 1.9 2.0 0.9 185 33
Kia Sportage with side airbags
model tested: 2012 207 0.1 1.0 31 1.7 22 17 2.63 0.21 0.4 1.6 2.0 0.8 79 57
model tested: 2010 454 0.3 1.7 35 1.9 28 21 3.18 0.36 1.2 2.3 3.2 0.7 68 41
Land Rover Freelander without side airbags
model tested: 2003 784 0.6 1.8 36 1.5 43 33 7.88 1.06 1.3 3.5 4.3 0.3 86 27
model tested: 2002 580 0.5 1.5 30 1.3 29 20 3.34 0.43 1.4 3.1 4.3 0.3 118 38
Mazda CX-5 with side airbags
model tested: 2013 103 0.2 0.7 28 1.6 23 16 2.26 0.20 0.2 2.3 2.3 1.0 84 45
Mitsubishi Outlander Sport with side airbags
model tested: 2011 287 0.3 0.3 36 1.7 28 22 3.54 0.38 0.5 2.8 2.8 1.1 90 41
Mitsubishi Outlander with side airbags
model tested: 2008 182 0.4 0.3 39 1.5 32 20 3.97 0.41 1.1 3.0 3.4 0.5 40 27
Mitsubishi Outlander without side airbags
model tested: 2003 296 0.6 0.7 54 1.8 34 29 5.61 0.79 0.1 2.6 2.5 0.7 122 44
Nissan Rogue with side airbags
model tested: 2008 111 0.0 0.5 32 1.3 23 17 2.52 0.21 0.2 2.6 2.6 0.6 51 28
Saturn VUE without side airbags
model tested: 2003 542 1.6 0.1 46 1.8 43 34 4.80 0.56 0.5 2.9 3.0 0.9 47 26
Subaru Forester with side airbags
model tested: 2014 75 0.2 0.4 42 2.3 31 22 3.28 0.48 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.6 20 75
model tested: 2009 131 0.0 0.7 35 1.7 24 21 2.26 0.27 1.6 2.8 4.2 0.3 71 14
model tested: 2003 326 0.5 1.2 33 1.6 32 29 3.03 0.41 0.8 2.6 3.2 0.5 64 16
  332 0.5 0.8 33 1.6 34 30 4.03 0.58 1.2 2.7 3.7 0.4 83 14
Suzuki Grand Vitara with side airbags
model tested: 2008 173 0.0 0.6 26 1.3 19 14 1.94 0.15 2.1 1.5 3.4 0.5 83 42
Suzuki Grand Vitara without side airbags
model tested: 2003 550 0.7 1.3 49 1.8 38 31 5.42 0.79 0.1 2.4 2.3 0.4 59 59
Toyota RAV4 with side airbags
model tested: 2013 136 0.2 0.7 33 1.4 42 25 3.30 0.76 0.6 1.9 1.9 1.4 192 30
  152 0.2 0.7 20 1.2 30 16 2.49 0.37 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.7 206 63
model tested: 2006 117 0.2 0.4 31 1.9 38 22 3.26 0.62 1.1 3.2 3.9 0.9 68 28
model tested: 2004 210 0.1 0.4 37 1.8 32 28 4.03 0.47 1.9 3.7 5.0 0.8 84 42
Toyota RAV4 without side airbags
model tested: 2003 206 1.3 0.2 49 2.0 45 33 3.90 0.80 3.9 2.7 6.4 0.3 69 23
Volkswagen Tiguan with side airbags
model tested: 2009 129 0.0 0.7 33 1.3 28 21 2.96 0.31 0.7 2.3 2.6 1.0 81 20

©1996-2013, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Highway Loss Data Institute
1005 N. Glebe Road, Suite 800, Arlington, VA 22201 USA | tel 703/247-1500 | fax 703/247-1588