HIGHWAY SAFETY RESEARCH & COMMUNICATIONS

Small cars

Intrusion measures into the vehicle occupant compartment and peak injury measures recorded from the crash test dummies for the front moderate overlap tests, front small overlap tests (where applicable) and side tests, respectively, are provided in the tables below.

See our protocols page for detailed information on how to interpret these measures.

Note: All vehicles are listed alphabetically.

Front moderate overlap / Driver side occupant compartment intrusion

  Footwell intrusion Brake pedal (cm) Instrument panel rearward movement Steering column movement A-pillar rearward movement (cm)
Footrest (cm) Left (cm) Center (cm) Right (cm) Left (cm) Right (cm) Upward (cm) Rearward (cm)
Acura ILX
model tested: 2013 5 6 6 5 4 1 -1 0 -3 1
Chevrolet Cavalier
model tested: 1995 23 35 30 24 26 16 12 7 11 16
Chevrolet Cobalt 2-door
model tested: 2009 10 12 17 15 11 7 6 6 5 7
Chevrolet Cobalt 4-door
model tested: 2005 9 14 19 13 9 6 6 6 3 3
Chevrolet Cruze
model tested: 2011 1 10 7 2 3 -1 -1 -1 -5 0
  3 7 4 1 1 0 0 -2 -6 1
Chevrolet HHR
model tested: 2008 13 12 17 16 16 5 3 6 0 3
Chevrolet Sonic
model tested: 2012 2 9 4 3 7 1 1 -2 -6 0
Chevrolet Volt
model tested: 2011 4 4 7 7 6 1 1 2 -3 0
Chrysler PT Cruiser
model tested: 2008 13 21 19 15 14 3 2 9 -5 1
Dodge Caliber
model tested: 2007 2 8 10 9 7 0 0 0 -5 0
Dodge Dart
model tested: 2013 3 5 2 2 3 0 0 -3 -3 0
Dodge Neon
model tested: 2000 20 22 27 17 17 13 12 2 12 14
model tested: 1997 24 29 27 21 27 14 11 2 13 24
Ford Escort
model tested: 1997 22 26 26 18 16 8 4 2 2 6
Ford Focus 2-door
model tested: 2009 13 20 19 15 25 5 4 -3 2 5
Ford Focus 4-door
model tested: 2012 4 7 6 4 0 0 0 2 5 1
model tested: 2008 12 19 18 14 21 3 4 -3 0 1
model tested: 2000 15 20 19 17 18 3 3 -1 -2 2
Honda Civic 2-door
model tested: 2013 5 8 8 5 3 2 0 1 -2 1
model tested: 2009 8 8 8 4 7 1 1 3 -1 1
Honda Civic 4-door
model tested: 2013 5 7 7 5 3 1 1 -1 -3 1
model tested: 2012 6 7 7 4 3 1 0 1 -2 1
model tested: 2006 9 8 9 6 7 2 2 2 -2 1
model tested: 2001 8 11 11 10 8 3 2 1 -1 0
model tested: 1997 19 24 22 18 17 7 5 6 6 5
Honda CR-Z
model tested: 2011 3 8 11 5 10 -1 -1 1 -3 0
Honda Insight
model tested: 2010 6 10 11 9 6 1 1 1 -1 2
Hyundai Elantra
model tested: 2011 5 7 7 4 4 0 0 -4 -3 0
model tested: 2007 6 10 7 5 10 2 2 2 3 2
model tested: 2004 12 16 12 9 6 4 3 -3 0 2
  10 14 12 11 7 5 5 -3 4 3
  12 18 15 13 8 6 6 -1 4 4
model tested: 2001 11 19 16 14 10 2 4 3 2 3
  13 19 16 14 10 4 4 3 2 4
  14 23 17 13 11 5 4 5 2 3
model tested: 1997 13 22 20 15 10 8 6 1 5 8
Kia Forte
model tested: 2010 6 9 7 5 10 2 3 1 -4 1
  7 9 8 7 9 1 1 3 -4 1
Kia Sephia
model tested: 1997 29 35 35 28 25 12 9 15 5 18
Kia Sephia/Spectra
model tested: 1999 18 29 34 26 26 6 6 10 0 4
Kia Soul
model tested: 2012 5 11 12 6 8 1 3 -7 -1 1
model tested: 2010 7 12 7 6 9 1 2 -5 -2 1
Kia Spectra
model tested: 2005 12 20 17 14 15 5 4 3 1 2
model tested: 2004 18 20 18 15 16 5 5 5 0 2
Lexus CT 200h
model tested: 2011 6 12 18 7 8 3 2 0 -2 2
Mazda 3 sedan
model tested: 2010 5 6 7 4 6 3 1 2 -5 2
model tested: 2004 5 8 6 4 4 2 1 1 -5 1
Mazda Protege
model tested: 1999 24 29 27 21 21 6 4 4 3 5
model tested: 1997 21 28 29 19 20 6 2 9 -1 7
Mini Cooper Countryman
model tested: 2011 6 5 5 10 no data 1 0 1 -1 0
Mitsubishi Lancer
model tested: 2008 3 8 8 6 5 1 2 0 0 1
model tested: 2002 12 18 18 11 10 3 2 8 -2 1
Mitsubishi Mirage
model tested: 1997 20 31 32 24 22 11 12 10 8 12
Nissan Cube
model tested: 2009 7 10 12 12 7 2 3 0 -3 2
Nissan Juke
model tested: 2011 9 13 12 12 13 1 2 3 -3 2
  7 10 11 10 8 3 2 1 -1 1
Nissan Leaf
model tested: 2013 5 8 5 5 5 1 2 0 -2 0
model tested: 2011 8 9 8 6 4 2 2 5 1 1
Nissan Sentra
model tested: 2013 8 10 9 9 10 4 2 2 0 3
model tested: 2008 10 12 11 7 15 2 1 3 0 1
model tested: 2000 16 20 18 15 14 7 5 1 6 5
model tested: 1998 15 28 26 18 21 8 4 6 5 11
Nissan Versa hatchback
model tested: 2007 7 10 10 12 12 1 3 1 -3 0
Saturn Astra
model tested: 2008 5 8 8 8 5 0 0 3 -4 1
Saturn ION
model tested: 2005 9 12 18 14 15 9 7 9 9 7
Saturn SL
model tested: 1997 12 21 19 14 12 13 9 5 11 16
Scion FR-S
model tested: 2013 5 9 9 7 2 0 0 1 -1 0
Scion tC
model tested: 2011 5 12 15 8 1 0 1 0 1 1
model tested: 2009 8 11 12 7 2 1 1 4 0 2
Scion xB
model tested: 2008 4 10 16 8 4 1 2 -1 0 1
Scion xD
model tested: 2013 3 11 6 6 6 3 1 -2 -4 1
model tested: 2012 4 10 7 6 2 3 2 0 -1 1
model tested: 2008 3 9 6 5 5 2 1 2 -3 1
Subaru Impreza
model tested: 2012 2 5 6 6 3 0 1 -2 -8 0
model tested: 2008 2 7 7 4 2 0 0 2 -2 1
model tested: 2002 5 10 10 8 10 1 2 1 1 1
Suzuki Aerio
model tested: 2002 8 13 11 11 5 0 -1 -1 -4 0
Suzuki Forenza
model tested: 2005 11 16 15 10 6 5 3 -3 5 6
Suzuki SX4
model tested: 2008 4 7 7 7 9 1 0 -4 -1 1
Toyota Corolla
model tested: 2009 7 8 11 6 3 3 3 1 2 3
model tested: 2003 8 13 12 8 5 0 0 3 -2 1
  7 10 10 6 4 0 -1 4 -3 1
model tested: 1998 11 20 17 14 18 6 8 11 4 3
Toyota Matrix
model tested: 2009 8 10 12 12 8 2 1 0 0 2
Toyota Prius
model tested: 2012 6 9 17 9 6 4 3 -3 0 2
model tested: 2010 2 8 12 4 3 3 3 -2 3 2
model tested: 2006 6 11 14 13 4 3 3 5 0 1
Volkswagen Beetle
model tested: 2012 3 5 7 4 2 0 0 0 -3 0
Volkswagen Jetta sedan
model tested: 1999 17 25 21 13 12 8 7 3 6 3
model tested: 1997 26 34 31 20 24 9 7 5 7 10
Volkswagen New Beetle
model tested: 1998 9 11 7 3 7 2 1 3 -2 2
Volvo S40
model tested: 2002 8 17 19 15 10 3 2 -6 3 4

Front moderate overlap / Driver injury measures

  Head Neck Chest maximum compression (mm) Legs Foot acceleration (g)
HIC-15 Peak gs at hard contact Tension
(kN)
Extension bending moment (Nm) Maximum Nij Femur force (kN) Knee displacement (mm) Maximum tibia index Tibia axial force (kN)
Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right
Acura ILX
model tested: 2013 275 no contact 0.7 11 0.21 31 0.5 1.2 0 0 0.28 0.73 1.8 5.5 64 75
Chevrolet Cavalier
model tested: 1995 313 70 1.7 41 0.40 32 3.7 2.5 0 0 1.18 0.66 3.7 4.1 82 58
Chevrolet Cobalt 2-door
model tested: 2009 172 negligible 0.9 41 0.38 26 0.9 0.8 0 0 0.59 0.88 2.1 2.6 72 82
Chevrolet Cobalt 4-door
model tested: 2005 231 24 0.8 29 0.36 25 1.0 1.4 1 0 0.39 0.76 1.6 2.8 62 84
Chevrolet Cruze
model tested: 2011 182 no contact 1.4 6 0.33 35 1.3 1.0 4 3 0.54 0.41 2.8 2.1 56 80
  424 no contact 0.9 16 0.26 30 0.7 1.2 2 2 0.33 0.43 2.5 2.2 48 51
Chevrolet HHR
model tested: 2008 187 51 0.9 24 0.47 32 3.4 0.9 0 0 0.48 0.92 1.9 3.8 59 103
Chevrolet Sonic
model tested: 2012 467 94 1.3 13 0.23 25 0.4 0.7 0 1 0.24 0.30 1.9 2.1 55 93
Chevrolet Volt
model tested: 2011 212 no contact 1.2 20 0.24 30 1.2 1.2 1 0 0.44 0.38 2.1 2.9 60 70
Chrysler PT Cruiser
model tested: 2008 277 19 2.0 31 0.38 33 2.0 3.8 2 6 0.89 0.66 1.3 2.8 67 143
Dodge Caliber
model tested: 2007 169 no contact 1.2 11 0.26 35 1.5 1.2 4 5 0.48 0.73 2.6 1.9 41 78
Dodge Dart
model tested: 2013 224 no contact 1.6 13 0.25 32 0.9 1.2 1 2 0.31 0.35 2.3 2.0 67 70
Dodge Neon
model tested: 2000 449 no contact 2.7 17 0.44 42 12.4 4.0 4 7 1.19 0.87 2.0 4.3 65 128
model tested: 1997 265 no contact 2.1 23 0.39 39 4.7 3.9 0 0 1.13 1.34 5.2 5.6 74 75
Ford Escort
model tested: 1997 457 58 1.6 19 0.28 42 3.2 3.5 0 0 0.31 1.42 1.4 5.1 54 101
Ford Focus 2-door
model tested: 2009 218 no contact 1.3 4 0.22 29 3.1 2.0 5 1 0.25 0.63 1.0 2.1 80 85
Ford Focus 4-door
model tested: 2012 271 no contact 1.3 9 0.20 26 0.3 0.1 0 0 0.38 0.83 1.9 3.5 71 84
model tested: 2008 145 no contact 1.6 9 0.30 37 2.1 0.9 0 1 0.50 0.39 2.0 3.3 66 65
model tested: 2000 183 41 1.7 35 0.28 27 4.9 2.2 2 2 0.81 0.53 1.0 1.8 62 55
Honda Civic 2-door
model tested: 2013 107 no contact 0.8 28 0.32 30 1.8 0.9 0 0 0.28 0.64 1.2 4.1 54 75
model tested: 2009 295 25 1.2 19 0.23 33 1.7 1.1 0 0 0.38 0.71 1.7 2.2 61 45
Honda Civic 4-door
model tested: 2013 152 no contact 1.1 18 0.23 26 0.1 0.9 0 0 0.35 0.50 2.5 3.8 54 70
model tested: 2012 142 no contact 1.0 14 0.22 28 1.4 0.5 0 0 0.33 0.51 2.2 2.6 71 60
model tested: 2006 307 no contact 1.2 29 0.25 33 1.9 0.6 0 0 0.39 0.41 1.5 1.6 77 44
model tested: 2001 468 22 2.6 30 0.50 39 2.8 0.7 0 2 0.37 0.77 2.0 1.9 126 42
model tested: 1997 241 14 2.0 15 0.34 54 3.3 3.4 12 2 0.85 0.79 0.9 2.3 71 107
Honda CR-Z
model tested: 2011 474 no contact 0.9 12 0.28 31 1.2 0.2 0 0 0.30 0.38 2.7 2.0 85 71
Honda Insight
model tested: 2010 347 no contact 1.6 39 0.35 26 1.5 3.0 1 4 0.31 0.47 1.7 2.1 87 69
Hyundai Elantra
model tested: 2011 235 no contact 1.3 23 0.28 27 0.5 2.0 0 4 0.40 0.71 1.5 3.7 52 125
model tested: 2007 303 38 1.0 13 0.53 21 3.9 4.0 2 11 0.73 0.95 2.5 3.2 72 114
model tested: 2004 288 117 1.2 26 0.26 28 1.1 5.5 0 6 0.55 0.68 1.7 2.9 72 92
  302 74 1.4 18 0.26 23 2.6 6.7 0 12 0.71 1.00 1.7 6.2 52 99
model tested: 2001 921 100 3.4 20 0.53 33 3.7 3.4 3 5 0.83 0.77 2.0 7.0 62 676
  702 174 3.2 53 0.82 35 3.4 3.0 0 0 0.89 0.82 1.7 5.2 56 89
  547 122 1.4 14 0.27 29 2.8 4.0 0 2 1.45 1.09 2.5 6.3 62 109
model tested: 1997 301 97 2.1 28 0.39 37 3.9 5.0 1 13 0.33 0.76 1.1 1.9 45 66
Kia Forte
model tested: 2010 670 114 1.0 13 0.71 29 0.8 3.1 0 6 0.41 0.65 1.4 2.8 61 50
Kia Sephia
model tested: 1997 374 negligible 2.2 20 0.38 40 11.2 3.8 2 8 1.85 1.59 2.0 3.9 102 149
Kia Sephia/Spectra
model tested: 1999 821 124 2.3 29 0.38 38 2.3 3.8 4 5 1.15 1.12 1.5 2.6 74 99
Kia Soul
model tested: 2012 370 68 1.4 30 0.42 22 0.8 2.3 4 3 0.68 0.62 2.0 2.5 80 56
model tested: 2010 406 77 1.6 29 0.44 31 3.1 3.9 1 5 0.41 0.68 1.2 3.2 73 126
Kia Spectra
model tested: 2005 383 80 2.5 32 0.54 25 0.4 4.9 0 3 1.05 0.84 2.0 4.2 63 120
model tested: 2004 483 122 2.8 43 0.67 22 0.1 4.8 0 7 0.97 1.03 1.6 6.3 47 118
Lexus CT 200h
model tested: 2011 219 no contact 1.5 14 0.29 18 2.4 2.6 2 2 0.37 0.51 2.1 2.7 55 64
Mazda 3 sedan
model tested: 2010 268 no contact 1.5 9 0.28 22 0.5 0.3 0 0 0.45 0.83 3.1 3.4 59 86
model tested: 2004 198 22 1.5 21 0.28 28 0.9 2.1 0 9 0.29 0.62 1.7 1.9 59 67
Mazda Protege
model tested: 1999 230 no contact 2.2 33 0.52 28 4.8 3.3 1 1 1.01 1.54 1.1 3.7 87 95
model tested: 1997 324 9 1.6 22 0.32 30 3.3 2.9 9 7 0.75 1.18 1.1 3.9 59 124
Mini Cooper Countryman
model tested: 2011 168 no contact 1.2 30 0.21 34 0.2 0.4 1 2 0.65 0.56 2.1 1.2 52 75
Mitsubishi Lancer
model tested: 2008 207 no contact 1.4 10 0.28 32 1.3 1.4 2 2 0.52 0.37 3.2 2.2 45 63
model tested: 2002 388 14 2.6 31 0.59 38 3.0 3.5 8 12 0.58 0.77 1.6 3.9 72 85
Mitsubishi Mirage
model tested: 1997 207 82 1.7 21 0.39 34 3.8 3.0 10 8 0.48 1.97 1.1 3.1 108 150
Nissan Cube
model tested: 2009 308 no contact 1.0 12 0.22 31 3.8 1.6 7 0 0.48 0.38 0.7 1.3 57 62
Nissan Juke
model tested: 2011 179 no contact 1.3 -22 0.24 33 3.9 3.1 0 10 0.45 0.41 1.6 1.4 71 77
  397 no contact 1.0 10 0.19 31 3.3 3.9 5 7 0.34 0.51 1.3 1.7 79 70
Nissan Leaf
model tested: 2013 165 no contact 1.3 13 0.28 20 0.8 1.4 0 5 0.23 0.50 0.9 1.2 57 80
model tested: 2011 223 no contact 1.2 16 0.22 27 0.3 1.2 0 2 0.36 0.58 1.3 1.5 69 40
Nissan Sentra
model tested: 2013 127 no contact 1.1 18 0.23 25 0.6 1.1 0 10 0.44 0.37 1.5 1.7 73 52
model tested: 2008 158 no contact 0.9 18 0.25 no data 0.3 2.3 0 4 0.31 0.41 1.4 2.4 41 66
model tested: 2000 218 146 1.6 39 0.34 30 2.8 1.4 8 14 0.55 0.51 1.3 3.3 79 85
model tested: 1998 280 85 1.8 19 0.35 38 3.3 2.0 16 7 1.00 0.60 1.5 2.9 95 111
Nissan Versa hatchback
model tested: 2007 492 97 1.3 17 0.37 29 0.4 3.0 3 1 0.30 0.33 1.8 1.3 70 54
Saturn Astra
model tested: 2008 265 24 1.0 24 0.22 32 0.5 1.5 0 0 0.44 0.47 1.9 2.6 79 125
Saturn ION
model tested: 2005 245 87 1.0 46 0.37 23 1.7 2.3 4 2 0.54 0.81 2.6 2.6 50 112
Saturn SL
model tested: 1997 229 27 1.5 13 0.25 50 7.1 3.2 1 0 0.40 0.73 1.5 3.0 52 73
Scion FR-S
model tested: 2013 158 no contact 1.0 11 0.23 27 0.2 0.3 1 0 0.37 0.33 2.0 2.7 87 79
Scion tC
model tested: 2011 216 32 1.1 8 0.20 31 0.5 1.8 0 0 0.38 0.57 1.8 3.5 51 61
model tested: 2009 440 81 1.2 7 0.31 0 0.8 2.2 1 1 0.47 1.09 2.1 4.7 64 90
Scion xB
model tested: 2008 235 50 1.3 25 0.30 27 5.0 1.4 1 1 0.51 0.81 1.4 2.5 67 90
Scion xD
model tested: 2013 284 103 2.5 28 0.55 36 2.3 1.5 1 1 0.46 0.81 1.9 2.4 69 117
model tested: 2012 328 76 1.8 34 0.48 36 2.9 1.2 1 0 0.33 0.48 1.2 3.1 56 167
model tested: 2008 387 38 2.7 61 0.83 37 4.3 0.9 1 0 0.46 0.36 1.3 2.0 54 99
Subaru Impreza
model tested: 2012 215 no contact 1.4 16 0.27 33 1.4 1.7 1 2 0.26 0.42 2.3 2.7 85 59
model tested: 2008 152 no contact 0.9 35 0.34 30 0.6 1.4 0 1 0.55 0.55 2.1 2.2 74 56
model tested: 2002 138 negligible 1.3 21 0.25 31 0.4 2.8 3 5 0.44 0.68 1.8 2.6 75 56
Suzuki Aerio
model tested: 2002 170 45 1.3 31 0.47 34 2.6 1.7 4 1 0.39 0.55 1.3 2.3 81 59
Suzuki Forenza
model tested: 2005 288 147 1.7 48 0.41 no data 4.3 3.4 3 5 0.37 1.12 1.8 4.6 87 133
Suzuki SX4
model tested: 2008 325 11 1.1 20 0.24 30 0.2 1.0 0 0 0.37 0.59 2.0 2.2 56 63
Toyota Corolla
model tested: 2009 326 72 1.3 18 0.23 39 0.6 0.6 0 0 0.43 0.73 1.4 3.9 47 55
model tested: 2003 148 no contact 0.4 31 0.29 26 1.2 1.7 0 2 0.39 1.04 1.0 4.6 71 91
  182 26 1.3 19 0.22 26 2.2 0.6 1 0 0.50 0.71 1.3 2.5 67 58
model tested: 1998 318 negligible 1.8 18 0.33 41 3.3 4.0 2 no data 1.03 0.44 1.3 2.4 71 58
Toyota Matrix
model tested: 2009 330 no contact 1.6 31 0.31 31 0.3 5.5 0 0 0.56 0.61 1.5 2.8 70 59
Toyota Prius
model tested: 2012 250 65 0.9 38 0.35 27 1.0 1.1 1 0 0.38 0.41 1.8 3.0 59 68
model tested: 2010 443 84 1.5 16 0.29 29 1.5 1.3 1 1 0.47 0.54 2.8 2.7 62 53
model tested: 2006 337 46 1.7 30 0.35 32 2.1 0.6 0 0 0.45 0.44 1.7 2.2 68 71
Volkswagen Beetle
model tested: 2012 256 25 1.0 31 0.24 34 0.5 2.5 0 9 0.40 0.76 1.5 3.3 78 183
Volkswagen Jetta sedan
model tested: 1999 140 49 1.3 17 0.25 32 4.9 2.8 2 4 0.76 0.70 0.8 1.4 60 86
model tested: 1997 383 82 1.4 18 0.26 36 2.1 3.4 no data 8 1.42 0.98 1.9 4.6 81 113
Volkswagen New Beetle
model tested: 1998 241 15 1.3 18 0.25 31 1.8 3.6 0 5 0.59 0.32 1.8 2.0 113 65
Volvo S40
model tested: 2002 297 negligible 2.2 22 0.45 41 3.7 3.9 6 1 0.44 0.89 0.9 4.8 76 110

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1005 N. Glebe Road, Suite 800, Arlington, VA 22201 USA | tel 703/247-1500 | fax 703/247-1588