Large luxury cars
Intrusion measures into the vehicle occupant compartment and peak injury measures recorded from the crash test dummies for the front moderate overlap tests, front small overlap tests (where applicable) and side tests, respectively, are provided in the tables below.
See our protocols page for detailed information on how to interpret these measures.
Note: All vehicles are listed alphabetically.
Side / Driver side B-pillar intrusion
| B-pillar to longitudinal centerline of driver's seat* (cm) | |
|---|---|
| Acura RL with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2007 | -8.5 |
| Audi A6 with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2012 | -19.0 |
| model tested: 2005 | -12.5 |
| BMW 5 series with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2011 | -19.0 |
| model tested: 2008 | -7.5 |
| Cadillac CTS with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2008 | -14.0 |
| Cadillac STS with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2007 | -7.5 |
| Cadillac XTS with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2013 | -18.0 |
| Hyundai Genesis with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2010 | -10.5 |
| -8.5 | |
| model tested: 2009 | -11.0 |
| -10.5 | |
| Infiniti M35/M45 with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2006 | -10.0 |
| Infiniti M37/M56 with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2013 | -10.5 |
| model tested: 2011 | -11.0 |
| Lexus GS with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2013 | -12.5 |
| model tested: 2006 | -10.0 |
| Lincoln MKS with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2009 | -13.5 |
| Mercedes E class 2-door with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2010 | -19.5 |
| Mercedes E class 4-door with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2010 | -24.0 |
| model tested: 2007 | -7.5 |
| -9.0 | |
| Saab 9-5 with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2010 | -22.0 |
| Volvo S80 with side airbags | |
| model tested: 2007 | -11.5 |
| *Negative numbers indicate the amount by which the crush stopped short of the seat centerline. | |
Side / Driver injury measures
| Head HIC-15 | Neck | Shoulder | Torso | Pelvis | Left femur | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tension (kN) | Compression (kN) | Lateral deflection (mm) | Lateral force (kN) | Max. defl. (mm) | Avg. defl. (mm) | Max. defl. rate (m/s) | Max. viscous criterion (m/s) | Iliac force (kN) | Acetabulum force (kN) | Combined acetabulum & iliac force (kN) | L-M force (kN) | L-M moment (Nm) | A-P moment (Nm) | ||||
| Acura RL with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2007 | 395 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 48 | 2.0 | 35 | 32 | 3.51 | 0.47 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 4.8 | 0.3 | 102 | 52 | ||
| Audi A6 with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2012 | 614 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 40 | 1.6 | 45 | 41 | 4.19 | 0.69 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 34 | 72 | ||
| model tested: 2005 | 252 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 43 | 1.7 | 27 | 21 | 3.24 | 0.40 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 4.2 | 0.1 | 62 | 32 | ||
| BMW 5 series with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2011 | 248 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 47 | 1.4 | 38 | 32 | 4.06 | 0.70 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 0.2 | 128 | 58 | ||
| model tested: 2008 | 249 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 47 | 1.7 | 50 | 40 | 6.90 | 1.43 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 5.6 | 0.4 | 87 | 59 | ||
| Cadillac CTS with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2008 | 324 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 33 | 2.2 | 34 | 30 | 4.53 | 0.48 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 104 | 57 | ||
| Cadillac STS with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2007 | 340 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 35 | 1.6 | 42 | 39 | 5.26 | 1.16 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 7.2 | 0.4 | 144 | 32 | ||
| Cadillac XTS with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2013 | 307 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 33 | 1.7 | 40 | 37 | 3.57 | 0.67 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 0.2 | 18 | 53 | ||
| Hyundai Genesis with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2010 | 211 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 38 | 1.7 | 39 | 30 | 3.99 | 0.52 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 4.7 | 0.7 | 73 | 144 | ||
| 227 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 45 | 1.9 | 49 | 42 | 6.75 | 1.09 | 3.1 | 1.4 | 4.4 | 0.3 | 149 | 36 | |||
| model tested: 2009 | 133 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 45 | 1.3 | 41 | 35 | 6.45 | 0.69 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 4.6 | 0.3 | 167 | 59 | ||
| Infiniti M35/M45 with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2006 | 247 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 42 | 1.8 | 40 | 37 | 4.65 | 0.60 | 1.2 | 3.2 | 4.3 | 0.6 | 201 | 29 | ||
| Infiniti M37/M56 with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2013 | 267 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 34 | 1.5 | 30 | 25 | 2.97 | 0.31 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 28 | 93 | ||
| model tested: 2011 | 235 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 34 | 1.6 | 35 | 29 | 5.45 | 0.50 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 18 | 93 | ||
| Lexus GS with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2013 | 433 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 35 | 1.8 | 32 | 25 | 4.82 | 0.39 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 3.1 | 0.2 | 42 | 51 | ||
| model tested: 2006 | 227 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 43 | 2.0 | 29 | 27 | 4.52 | 0.48 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 0.2 | 94 | 52 | ||
| Lincoln MKS with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2009 | 106 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 25 | 1.2 | 29 | 23 | 2.85 | 0.42 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 4.8 | 0.3 | 103 | 46 | ||
| Mercedes E class 2-door with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2010 | 497 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 51 | 1.5 | 38 | 34 | 2.66 | 0.48 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 42 | 65 | ||
| Mercedes E class 4-door with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2010 | 177 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 37 | 1.6 | 38 | 32 | 2.85 | 0.51 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 0.1 | 80 | 36 | ||
| model tested: 2007 | 132 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 42 | 1.7 | 53 | 46 | 5.19 | 1.33 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 5.5 | 0.5 | 147 | 52 | ||
| 158 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 51 | 1.6 | 47 | 44 | 4.15 | 0.91 | 4.0 | 1.8 | 5.6 | 0.2 | 158 | 69 | |||
| Saab 9-5 with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2010 | 363 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 43 | 1.8 | 37 | 35 | 3.92 | 0.66 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 3.9 | 0.5 | 57 | 29 | ||
| Volvo S80 with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2007 | 194 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 32 | 1.6 | 31 | 27 | 3.37 | 0.43 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 4.8 | 0.3 | 26 | 20 | ||
Side / Passenger injury measures
| Head HIC-15 | Neck | Shoulder | Torso | Pelvis | Left femur | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tension (kN) | Compression (kN) | Lateral deflection (mm) | Lateral force (kN) | Max. defl. (mm) | Avg. defl. (mm) | Max. defl. rate (m/s) | Max. viscous criterion (m/s) | Iliac force (kN) | Acetabulum force (kN) | Combined acetabulum & iliac force (kN) | L-M force (kN) | L-M moment (Nm) | A-P moment (Nm) | ||||
| Acura RL with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2007 | 176 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 35 | 1.5 | 40 | 26 | 3.73 | 0.48 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 181 | 46 | ||
| Audi A6 with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2012 | 180 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 38 | 1.5 | 31 | 24 | 2.93 | 0.44 | 0.3 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 26 | 46 | ||
| model tested: 2005 | 119 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 38 | 1.8 | 27 | 16 | 3.73 | 0.39 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 131 | 23 | ||
| BMW 5 series with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2011 | 184 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 23 | 1.1 | 20 | 15 | 1.90 | 0.16 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 59 | 42 | ||
| model tested: 2008 | 133 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 22 | 1.5 | 22 | 16 | 2.38 | 0.22 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 79 | 53 | ||
| Cadillac CTS with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2008 | 231 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 20 | 1.2 | 21 | 18 | 3.11 | 0.33 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 117 | 53 | ||
| Cadillac STS with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2007 | 81 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 16 | 1.2 | 27 | 19 | 2.75 | 0.24 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 65 | 21 | ||
| Cadillac XTS with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2013 | 93 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 11 | 0.6 | 17 | 14 | 2.19 | 0.20 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 32 | 80 | ||
| Hyundai Genesis with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2010 | 27 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 11 | 0.7 | 19 | 13 | 1.92 | 0.13 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 15 | 26 | ||
| 35 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 12 | 0.7 | 18 | 12 | 1.61 | 0.07 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 101 | 16 | |||
| model tested: 2009 | 35 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 12 | 0.7 | 17 | 12 | 1.52 | 0.07 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 47 | 17 | ||
| Infiniti M35/M45 with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2006 | 305 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 37 | 1.7 | 23 | 20 | 2.20 | 0.22 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 48 | 22 | ||
| Infiniti M37/M56 with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2013 | 176 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 52 | 2.0 | 35 | 22 | 3.95 | 0.52 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 25 | 76 | ||
| model tested: 2011 | 194 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 48 | 2.0 | 32 | 20 | 3.56 | 0.40 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 34 | 68 | ||
| Lexus GS with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2013 | 32 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 13 | 0.5 | 19 | 16 | 1.37 | 0.06 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 84 | 27 | ||
| model tested: 2006 | 109 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 27 | 1.4 | 21 | 17 | 1.93 | 0.20 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 106 | 20 | ||
| Lincoln MKS with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2009 | 163 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 25 | 1.2 | 24 | 18 | 2.75 | 0.22 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 222 | 33 | ||
| Mercedes E class 2-door with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2010 | 415 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 11 | 0.5 | 16 | 13 | 1.55 | 0.13 | 3.3 | 0.6 | 3.9 | 0.3 | 20 | 38 | ||
| Mercedes E class 4-door with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2010 | 82 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 17 | 1.3 | 28 | 20 | 2.79 | 0.31 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 40 | 38 | ||
| model tested: 2007 | 42 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 15 | 0.9 | 31 | 26 | 2.59 | 0.32 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 88 | 25 | ||
| 48 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 15 | 1.0 | 30 | 26 | 3.41 | 0.31 | 0.5 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 67 | 28 | |||
| Saab 9-5 with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2010 | 97 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 19 | no data | 13 | 10 | 3.92 | 0.66 | 0.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 63 | 17 | ||
| Volvo S80 with side airbags | |||||||||||||||||
| model tested: 2007 | 215 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 43 | 1.6 | 33 | 26 | 3.65 | 0.56 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 0.7 | 138 | 26 | ||
